Factors affecting immunogenicity of BCG in infants, a study in Malawi, The Gambia and the UK

Hur, Yun-Gyoung; Gorak‐Stolinska, Patricia; Lalor, Maeve K.; Mvula, Hazzie; Floyd, Sian; Raynes, John G.; Ben-Smith, Anne; Fitchett, Joseph R; Flanagan, Katie L.; Burl, Sarah; Ota, Martin O. C.; Crampin, Amelia C.; Smith, Steven G.; Dockrell, Hazel M.

doi:10.1186/1471-2334-14-184

Cited by 29 publications

(28 citation statements)

References 23 publications

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“…Plasma/serum CRP concentrations were measured in May 2013 as described before 42 by sandwich enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) using 4000× diluted anti-human CRP IgG (The Binding Site, Birmingham, UK), 1000× diluted horseradish peroxidase-conjugated anti-human CRP IgG (AbD Serotec, Kidlington, UK), and the World Health Organisation (WHO) 1st international standard of human CRP (National Institute for Biological Standards and Control (NIBSC), Potters Bar, UK). Plasma/serum samples were diluted 200× (out of range samples were repeated diluted 100× or 2000×).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

IgG1 Fc N-glycan galactosylation as a biomarker for immune activation

Jong

Selman

Adegnika

et al. 2016

Sci Rep

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Immunoglobulin G (IgG) Fc N-glycosylation affects antibody-mediated effector functions and varies with inflammation rooted in both communicable and non-communicable diseases. Worldwide, communicable and non-communicable diseases tend to segregate geographically. Therefore, we studied whether IgG Fc N-glycosylation varies in populations with different environmental exposures in different parts of the world. IgG Fc N-glycosylation was analysed in serum/plasma of 700 school-age children from different communities of Gabon, Ghana, Ecuador, the Netherlands and Germany. IgG1 galactosylation levels were generally higher in more affluent countries and in more urban communities. High IgG1 galactosylation levels correlated with low total IgE levels, low C-reactive protein levels and low prevalence of parasitic infections. Linear mixed modelling showed that only positivity for parasitic infections was a significant predictor of reduced IgG1 galactosylation levels. That IgG1 galactosylation is a predictor of immune activation is supported by the observation that asthmatic children seemed to have reduced IgG1 galactosylation levels as well. This indicates that IgG1 galactosylation levels could be used as a biomarker for immune activation of populations, providing a valuable tool for studies examining the epidemiological transition from communicable to non-communicable diseases.

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

IgG1 Fc N-glycan galactosylation as a biomarker for immune activation

Jong

Selman

Adegnika

et al. 2016

Sci Rep

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“…This could partly explain the high conversion and the low reversion rates. Other factors including geographical [ 22 ] and M.tuberculosis strain [ 23 ] variations are also reported to be associated with variations in IFN-γ response and hence may partly explain the difference observed across settings.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

QuantiFERON-TB Gold In-Tube test conversions and reversions among tuberculosis patients and their household contacts in Addis Ababa: a one year follow-up study

et al. 2014

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BackgroundQuantiFERON-TB Gold In-Tube® (QFT-GIT) test is used for the diagnosis of latent tuberculosis (TB) infection. Besides, QFT-GIT test could allow tracking changes in immune response among TB patients and their contacts. In high TB burden settings, reports on QFT-GIT conversions and reversions among TB patients and their contacts are limited. As part of a major project to study immune responses to TB infection, we investigated QFT-GIT test conversions and reversions among smear positive pulmonary TB patients and their household contacts over 12 months.MethodsWe followed a total of 107 HIV negative participants (33 patients and 74 contacts) in Addis Ababa. We did QFT-GIT test at baseline and 12 months later according to the manufacturer’s instructions.ResultsAt baseline, 25/33 (75.8%) of the patients and 50/74 (67.6%) of the contacts were QFT-GIT positive. At 12 months, 2 more patients (1 test negative and 1 indeterminate) became test positive. Besides, 11/24 (45.8%) test negative contacts became positive. Only one patient and one contact who were test positive at baseline became test negative 12 months later. At 12 months, the proportions of QFT-GIT test positives for patients and contacts were, therefore, 78.8% and 81.1%, respectively. Among contacts, the proportion of QFT-GIT test positives at 12 months was significantly higher compared to the corresponding proportion at baseline (McNemar, p = 0.006); similarly, the median IFN-γ response significantly increased at 12 months compared with the baseline level (Wilcoxon matched-pairs signed rank test, p = 0.01). Patients, however, had comparable median IFN-γ levels at baseline and 12 months later (p = 0.56).ConclusionNearly half of QFT-GIT negative household contacts at baseline became positive at 12 months. This suggests that repeated screening of QFT-GIT negative contacts may be needed for epidemiological studies and interventions of latent TB in an endemic setting. A large longitudinal study may be needed to confirm our observations.Electronic supplementary materialThe online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s12879-014-0654-5) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.

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“…This could suggest that TB vaccine candidates can elicit distinct responses in subpopulations of infants. Responses to vaccination can also be influenced by geographic location and other factors [46]. Moreover, the response to vaccination in young children can be influenced by mycobacterial exposure and immune status of their mother.…”

Section: Biomarkers As Guides For Vaccine Designmentioning

confidence: 99%

Accelerating tuberculosis vaccine trials with diagnostic and prognostic biomarkers

Kaufmann

Weiner

Maertzdorf

2017

Expert Review of Vaccines

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The most recent estimates on tuberculosis (TB) morbidity and mortality reveal that the global disease burden is even higher than previously assumed. Better drugs, diagnostics and vaccines are major requirements to control the ongoing TB pandemic. The high complexity of the infectious process and the underlying pathology, however, challenge elucidation of protective immune mechanisms at the various stages towards active TB disease, which need to be understood for rational design of novel intervention measures. Areas covered: Next to the more classical approaches, host biomarkers increasingly receive attention as promising tools on our way to control the disease. In the area of diagnosis, host biomarkers are recognized as promising new means because the identification of small biosignatures with high discriminatory and even prognostic potential has stimulated the hope that rapid and easy-to-perform diagnosis and prognosis will become possible in the near future. For rational design of new vaccine candidates, correlates of protection are highly desirable. High-throughput systems-vaccinology will boost the identification of such biomarker profiles. Expert commentary: Considering their potential to accelerate development of better diagnostics and vaccines, host biomarkers should be firmly integrated into future TB research.

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Factors affecting immunogenicity of BCG in infants, a study in Malawi, The Gambia and the UK

Cited by 29 publications

References 23 publications

IgG1 Fc N-glycan galactosylation as a biomarker for immune activation

IgG1 Fc N-glycan galactosylation as a biomarker for immune activation

QuantiFERON-TB Gold In-Tube test conversions and reversions among tuberculosis patients and their household contacts in Addis Ababa: a one year follow-up study

Accelerating tuberculosis vaccine trials with diagnostic and prognostic biomarkers

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