“…2,3 Recent trends in energy and optics, as well as miniaturization of instruments, have however rendered PNL additionally useful in the treatment of medium and small renal stones with concomitantly lower morbidity and higher stone clearance rates. 1,4 The dawn of minimally invasive endourology has seen several refinements and subsequent adoption of PNL in routine management of nephrolithiasis, a global problem with lifetime prevalence ranging up to 25%, owing to its association with reduced morbidity, convalescence, as well as recovery. 5 Furthermore, PNL, being minimally invasive, is considered a safe and reliable technique.…”