Factors Affecting Groundwater Quality in the Context of the Exploitation of Small Drinking Water Intakes

Abstract

In this work, attention has been paid to the problem of quality of groundwater, which is the main source of supply of drinking water for rural inhabitants. In particular, the important factors for the groundwater quality in rural areas have been presented. This paper also shows the impact of the quality and quantity of available water resources on the exploitation of chosen small water intakes. Results of research on the quality parameters of groundwater, obtained in 2012÷2016 for selected rural intakes in north-western Poland, were presented. There was an increase in the content of iron and manganese compounds, ammonium ions, as well as the presence of bacteriological contaminants in test water samples. For these reasons, problems with providing the receivers with water of appropriate quality parameters have been reported in described rural intakes. The paper is an attempt to show the relationship between the type and magnitude of changes in the groundwater quality and the efficiency of the water treatment. In addition, pro-quality activities undertaken by local water companies were emphasized.

The use of ultrafiltration in enhancement of chemical coke oven wastewater treatment

“…Finally, it was concluded that among all tested membranes, the treatment of chemical site effluents at MT membrane would be preferable due to its capacity, lowest fouling affinity and contaminants removal efficiency. The obtained COD removal rates were compared with ones observed by other authors, who applied low pressure-driven membrane filtration to direct or in combination with coagulation raw coke oven wastewater treatment [23,24]. It was found, that COD elimination (27.1%) was in agreement with other results (30% [23] and 11%-40% [24]).…”

“…Membrane separation has already been tested in treatment of coke oven wastewater at various treatment stages and in the combination with different unit operations. Due to simple operation, ability to remove a wide range of contaminants and satisfactory chemical resistance, membrane processes seem to offer a promising alternative and/ or support to industrial wastewater treatment, including cokemaking industry [21][22][23]. Mielczarek et al [24] tested ultrafiltration (UF) for raw coke oven wastewater treatment, and the process was used as a direct filtration or in the combination with coagulation [24].…”

THE IMPACT OF CONSTRUCTION WORKS CONDUCTED ON THE ROUTE DTŚ ON A LOCAL AIR QUALITY EVALUATED WITH THE USE OF NO2 MEASUREMENTS

“…For instance Helms and Heidt [17] found that up to 6% of NO x (and up to 10% of PM) traffic related emissions in Germany are caused by mobile construction machinery. Under the assumption, that concentrations in the air in a case of emission sources of low height, are proportional to emissions (what is fulfilled roughly in city-centers) and taking into consideration the 48% share of NO x emission from road-transport sector in total [24,25,26,27] (39% road transport + 9% nonroad transport), the share of construction machines in total NO x concentration yields about 3%. The similar calculations made by Millstein and Harley [18], which assigned 11% of NO x (and 14% of total 1-hour NO 2 level in the air in the vicinity of the conducted construction works was not exceeded.…”

Methodology of Ecodiagnostics on the Example of Rural Areas

“…A balanced land structure contributes to increasing the stability and productivity of agro-landscapes and the sustainability of ecosystems in general. The fundamentals of environmental optimization of agrarian nature were first formulated by V. Dokuchaev as the development of norms relative to the areas of arable land, meadows, forest and water [6,[10][11][12][13][14][15]. The decomposition of waste has the greatest impact on soil, underground water resources, and atmosphere.…”