Factors Affecting COVID-19 Vaccine Acceptance: An International Survey among Low- and Middle-Income Countries

Bono, Suzanna Awang; Villela, Edlaine Faria de Moura; Siau, Ching Sin; Chen, Won Sun; Pengpid, Supa; Hasan, M. Tasdik; Sessou, Philippe; Ditekemena, John; Amodan, Bob Omoda; Hosseinipour, Mina C.; Dolo, Housseini; Fodjo, Joseph Nelson Siewe; Low, Wah Yun; Colebunders, Robert

doi:10.3390/vaccines9050515

Cited by 233 publications

(238 citation statements)

References 39 publications

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“…Despite the availability of the vaccine for the population in Saudi Arabia, there is a variation in people’s acceptance to take the vaccine and this is probably due to the fact that these vaccines were developed in a short time compared to the previously approved vaccines which usually take years before approval. Another reason for this variation could be related to the usage of a newly emerging technique for some of the COVID-19 vaccines, mRNA vaccines [ 12 , 13 , 14 , 15 , 16 ]. These two major factors may raise the concern among some individuals about potential severe post-vaccination side effects, although several reports describing the expected side effects have been issued recently [ 8 ].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Evaluation of Side Effects Associated with COVID-19 Vaccines in Saudi Arabia

et al. 2021

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Background: Pfizer-BioNTech and Oxford-AstraZeneca are recently introduced vaccines to combat COVID-19 pandemic. During clinical trials, mild to moderate side effects have been associated with these vaccines. Thus, we aimed to evaluate short-term post-vaccination side effects. Methods: Cross-sectional, retrospective study using an online questionnaire was conducted among COVID-19 vaccines recipients in Saudi Arabia. General and demographic data were collected, and vaccine-associated side effects after receiving at least one dose of each vaccine were evaluated. Results: Our final sample consisted of 515 participants with a median age of 26 years. Most of the study participants were female (57%). Nearly 13% of the study subjects have reported previous infections with SARS-CoV-2. Oxford-AstraZeneca and Pfizer-BioNTech vaccines have been received by 75% and 25% of the study participants, respectively. Side effects associated with COVID-19 vaccines have been reported by 60% of the study subjects, and most of them reported fatigue (90%), pain at the site of the injections (85%). Conclusion: Side effects that are reported post Oxford-AstraZeneca and Pfizer-BioNTech vaccines among our study participants are not different from those that were reported in the clinical trials, indicating safe profiles for both vaccines. Further studies are needed to evaluate the effectiveness of the current vaccines in protection against SARS-CoV-2 reinfections.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Evaluation of Side Effects Associated with COVID-19 Vaccines in Saudi Arabia

et al. 2021

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“…Both our study and the survey organised in April 2020 included more people from urban regions and with a significantly higher level of education than Ecuador’s general population [ 16 ], while the study conducted in June 2020 included a more representative sample of Ecuador’s general population [ 15 ]. In a recent survey about COVID-19 acceptance with the same ICPCovid questionnaire conducted in several other low- and middle-income countries, the vaccine acceptance rate in Brazil was 94.2%, in Thailand 87.3% and in Malaysia 78.6%, but it was much lower in most African countries, for example, only 59.4% in the DRC for a vaccine that is 95% effective [ 26 ].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

COVID-19 Vaccine Acceptance in Azuay Province, Ecuador: A Cross-Sectional Online Survey

et al. 2021

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We investigated the COVID-19 vaccination acceptance level in Azuay province, Ecuador through an online survey from 12th to 26th February (before the start of the COVID-19 vaccination campaign in Ecuador). Overall, 1219 respondents participated in the survey. The mean age was 32 ± 13 years; 693 participants (57%) were female. In total, 1109 (91%) of the participants indicated they were willing to be vaccinated with a COVID-19 vaccine, if the vaccine is at least 95% effective; 835 (68.5%) if it is 90% effective and 493 (40.5%) if it is 70% effective; 676 (55.5%) participants indicated they feared side effects and 237 (19.4%) thought the vaccine was not effective. Older age, having had a postgraduate education, a history of a negative COVID-19 test, a high level of worry of contracting COVID-19, believing that COVID-19 infection can be prevented with a vaccine and understanding there is currently an effective vaccine against COVID-19 were associated with higher vaccination acceptance. A vaccination education campaign will be needed to increase the knowledge of Ecuadorians about the COVID-19 vaccine and to increase their trust in the vaccine. People with a lower education level and living in rural areas may need to be targeted during such a campaign.

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“…Although a few previous studies have found high cross-cultural variation in vaccine attitudes (de Figueiredo et al, 2020;Gallup, 2019), only one study has comprehensively investigated the psychological roots of this variation (Hornsey et al, 2018). Moreover, the reasons for vaccine hesitancy in low-and middle-income countries are largely understudied (Bono et al, 2021;Simas & Larson, 2021). It is important to understand the country-level psychological factors contributing to the variation in vaccine attitudes in an ever-connected world.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Why Some Hesitate More: Cross-Cultural Variation in Conspiracy Beliefs, Belief in Science, and Vaccine Attitudes

Salalι

Uysal

2021

Preprint

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BackgroundCountries differ in their levels of vaccine hesitancy (a delay in acceptance or refusal of vaccines), trust in vaccines, and acceptance of new vaccines. In this paper, we examine the factors contributing to the cross-cultural variation in vaccine attitudes, measured by levels of 1) general vaccine hesitancy, 2) trust in vaccines, and 3) COVID-19 vaccine acceptance.MethodsWe examined the relative effect of conspiracy mentality, belief in COVID-19 conspiracies, and belief in science on the above-mentioned vaccine attitudes in the UK (n= 1533), US (n= 1550), and Turkey (n= 1567) through a quota-sampled online survey to match the population for age, gender, ethnicity, and education level.ResultsWe found that belief in COVID-19 conspiracies and conspiracy mentality were the strongest predictors of general vaccine hesitancy across all three countries. Belief in science had the largest positive effect on general vaccine trust and COVID-19 vaccine acceptance. Although participants in Turkey demonstrated the lowest level of vaccine trust, their belief in science score was significantly higher than participants in the US, suggesting that belief in science cannot explain the cross-cultural variation in vaccine trust. The mean levels of conspiracy mentality and agreement with COVID-19 conspiracies were consistent with the country-level differences in general and COVID-19 vaccine attitudes. Demographic variables did not predict vaccine attitudes as much as belief in conspiracies and science.ConclusionsOur findings suggest that cross-cultural variation in vaccine hesitancy, vaccine trust, and COVID-19 vaccine acceptance rates are mainly driven by differences in the prevalence of conspiratorial thinking across countries.

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Factors Affecting COVID-19 Vaccine Acceptance: An International Survey among Low- and Middle-Income Countries

Cited by 233 publications

References 39 publications

Evaluation of Side Effects Associated with COVID-19 Vaccines in Saudi Arabia

Evaluation of Side Effects Associated with COVID-19 Vaccines in Saudi Arabia

COVID-19 Vaccine Acceptance in Azuay Province, Ecuador: A Cross-Sectional Online Survey

Why Some Hesitate More: Cross-Cultural Variation in Conspiracy Beliefs, Belief in Science, and Vaccine Attitudes

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