Factors affecting conception rate after artificial insemination and pregnancy loss in lactating dairy cows

Chebel, R.C.; Santos, J.E.P.; Reynolds, James P.; Cerri, R.L.A.; Juchem, Sérgio O.; Overton, Michael W.

doi:10.1016/j.anireprosci.2003.12.012

Cited by 277 publications

(207 citation statements)

References 24 publications

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“…However, it was shown that a moderate temperature increase (258C to 268C) already caused heat stress in high yielding dairy cows (Berman et al, 1985). Until now, the effects of heat stress were mainly investigated in cows (de la Sota et al, 1998;Chebel et al, 2004). However, studies have also been undertaken to analyse the effects of hyperthermia on bulls (Setchell, 1998).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Future consequences and challenges for dairy cow production systems arising from climate change in Central Europe – a review

Gauly

Bollwein

Breves

et al. 2013

Animal

141

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It is well documented that global warming is unequivocal. Dairy production systems are considered as important sources of greenhouse gas emissions; however, little is known about the sensitivity and vulnerability of these production systems themselves to climate warming. This review brings different aspects of dairy cow production in Central Europe into focus, with a holistic approach to emphasize potential future consequences and challenges arising from climate change. With the current understanding of the effects of climate change, it is expected that yield of forage per hectare will be influenced positively, whereas quality will mainly depend on water availability and soil characteristics. Thus, the botanical composition of future grassland should include species that are able to withstand the changing conditions (e.g. lucerne and bird's foot trefoil). Changes in nutrient concentration of forage plants, elevated heat loads and altered feeding patterns of animals may influence rumen physiology. Several promising nutritional strategies are available to lower potential negative impacts of climate change on dairy cow nutrition and performance. Adjustment of feeding and drinking regimes, diet composition and additive supplementation can contribute to the maintenance of adequate dairy cow nutrition and performance. Provision of adequate shade and cooling will reduce the direct effects of heat stress. As estimated genetic parameters are promising, heat stress tolerance as a functional trait may be included into breeding programmes. Indirect effects of global warming on the health and welfare of animals seem to be more complicated and thus are less predictable. As the epidemiology of certain gastrointestinal nematodes and liver fluke is favourably influenced by increased temperature and humidity, relations between climate change and disease dynamics should be followed closely. Under current conditions, climate change associated economic impacts are estimated to be neutral if some form of adaptation is integrated. Therefore, it is essential to establish and adopt mitigation strategies covering available tools from management, nutrition, health and plant and animal breeding to cope with the future consequences of climate change on dairy farming.Keywords: global warming, cow comfort, heat stress, heat tolerance, functional traits ImplicationsAs a consequence of global warming, drier and hotter summers are expected for Central Europe. Here we discuss multiple interactions between climate change and dairy production in Central Europe in its full complexity, starting from fodder resources to breeding impacts and farm economy. Under current conditions, the impact of climate change on the farm economy is estimated to be neutral if some form of adaptation is integrated. Thus, establishing mitigation and adaptation strategies covering available tools from management, nutrition, health and plant and animal breeding to cope with the future consequences of climate change on dairy farming are essential.-E-mail: Mgauly@gwdg.de 843 ...

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mentioning

confidence: 99%

Future consequences and challenges for dairy cow production systems arising from climate change in Central Europe – a review

Gauly

Bollwein

Breves

et al. 2013

Animal

141

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“…An effect of milk yield on LEM was previously observed by Michel et al (2003) and Cutullic et al (2012), but not by Chebel et al (2004) and Freret et al (2006). When studying LEM and early foetal mortality together (between 21 and 90 days of pregnancy), milk yield was already identified as a variation factor for pregnancy loss (Grimard et al, 2006;Zobel et al, 2011) but not in all studies (Lopez-Gatius et al, 2002;Silke et al, 2002;Santos et al, 2009).…”

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confidence: 70%

Sire effect on early and late embryonic death in French Holstein cattle

Ledoux

Ponsart²,

Grimard

et al. 2015

Animal

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We investigated the effect of maternal sire on early pregnancy failure (between D0, day of insemination and D90) in their progeny during the first and second lactations (n = 3508) in the Holstein breed. The estimated breeding value (EBV) for cow fertility of 12 bulls (reliability ⩾ 0.95) was used to create the following three groups: low, medium and high EBV (EBV from − 0.7 to 1 expressed as genetic standard deviation relative to the mean of the breed). In their daughters (93 to 516 per bull), progesterone measurement was carried out on the day of artificial insemination (AI; D0) to check whether the cows were in the follicular phase and on D18 to 25 to assess non-fertilisation-early embryonic mortality (NF-EEM). Late embryonic mortality (LEM) and early foetal death (FD) were determined by ultrasonography on D45 and D90 and by the return to oestrus after the first AI. Frequencies of NF-EEM, LEM, FD and pregnancy were 33.3%, 11.7%, 1.4% and 48.5% and incidences were 35.1, 19.0, 2.7 and 51.1, respectively. Sire EBV was significantly related to the incidences of pregnancy failure between D0 and D90, fertilisation failure-early embryonic mortality (FF-EEM) and LEM but not to the incidence of FD between D45 and D90 of pregnancy. The relative risk (RR) of FF-EEM was significantly higher (RR = 1.2; P < 0.05) for the progeny group of low EBV bulls when compared with high EBV bulls. The same effect was observed when comparing LEM of the progeny groups from the low EBV bulls to those from moderate and high EBV bulls (RR, respectively, of 1.3 and 1.4; P < 005). The incidence of FF-EEM was significantly higher when cows were inseminated before 80 days postpartum compared with later, and for the extreme values of the difference between milk fat and protein content measured during the first 3 months of lactation. FF-EEM was also significantly related to the year of observation. The incidence of LEM was higher for the highest producing cows and was influenced by interaction between milk yield × lactation rank and milk yield × milk protein content. In conclusion, this study showed large differences in early pregnancy failure between progeny groups and highlights the interest of accurate characterisation of embryonic death in order to identify potential candidate genes for female fertility.Keywords: dairy cow, female fertility, embryonic death, genetic evaluation, genetic selection ImplicationsThe objective of this study was to improve our understanding of genetic effects on early pregnancy failure in Holstein dairy cows. Daughters of 12 bulls of known fertility estimated breeding value (calculated using the calving rate of their lactating progeny) were followed between D0 (day of first artificial insemination) and D90 to identify non-fertilisationearly embryonic death, late embryonic death and early foetal death. We showed that the sire had a large effect on the incidence of NF-EEM and LEM, but this did not explain all the differences between progeny groups. Consequently, this study highlights the importance of defining the pre...

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“…Non-significant differences were observed in veterinary services and cow's depreciation among different calving seasons. While, breeding costs were the highest in cows freshened in spring season than other seasons, the reason may be due to cows calved in spring season will be inseminated in the next summer season, and Holstein cows are sensitive to heat stress so increase ambient and body temperatures will decrease conception rate and subsequently increase service per conception (Chebel et al, 2004) and this in return will increase breeding costs, this result indicate that the hot season adversely affects the fertility of Holsteins. Milk return, total return, net return and IOFC were higher in cows calved winter season and those calved in autumn season showed the lowest values.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 91%

Effects of Breed, Calving Season and Parity on Productive and Economic Indices of Dairy Cows

Mohamed¹,

Mahrous²,

Kamel³

2017

AJVS

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Key words:. Although the similarity in total variable costs and total cost costs between the two breeds, Holstein cows had higher return parameters, than Brown Swiss cows. Cows that calved in the winter season had the highest total milk yield, daily milk yield, and corrected milk yield (305 milk yield), than other seasons. Breeding costs were higher for spring calvers. In spite of the higher labor, feed, variable and total costs, there is a superior increase profitability of winter calvers in comparison with other seasons. Cows in first, second and third parity had higher total milk yield, daily milk yield, and corrected milk yield (305 milk yield) than subsequent lactations, consequently, they showed a higher return parameters. At the same trend, veterinary services, breeding costs, feed costs, total variable costs and total costs were higher in first and second parities. Our findings cleared that, Holstein cows, winter calving and first three parity were more profitable for dairy producers.

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Factors affecting conception rate after artificial insemination and pregnancy loss in lactating dairy cows

Cited by 277 publications

References 24 publications

Future consequences and challenges for dairy cow production systems arising from climate change in Central Europe – a review

Future consequences and challenges for dairy cow production systems arising from climate change in Central Europe – a review

Sire effect on early and late embryonic death in French Holstein cattle

Effects of Breed, Calving Season and Parity on Productive and Economic Indices of Dairy Cows

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