Factors affecting citrus fruit quality: Emphasis on mineral nutrition

Abstract

There are some reviews, available in the literature that considers mineral elements effects on fruit quality. However, most studies refer to temperate fruits, such as apple, or to some tropical fruits, such as mango, guava, banana, pineapple and passion fruit. In the case of citrus fruits, it is necessary to compile the information that has been generated recently. The objective of this review was to present and comment some information about the influence of mineral elements on citrus fruit characteristics. It emphasized that potassium has been the most evaluated macronutrient, whereas calcium and magnesium were the least. Potassium was the element with the largest influence on fruit characteristics, followed by nitrogen and phosphorus. The most consistent result related to potassium was the positive effect on fruit fresh mass. Zinc was the most evaluated micronutrient, followed by boron, which was the most influential micronutrient on quality, especially due to its positive effect on fruit fresh mass and juice percentage. Lack of information regarding mineral nutrition effect on citrus fruit quality was confirmed and was more evident for macronutrients. Additional keywords:Citrus; fruit production, nutrients. ResumoAlgumas revisões que considerem os efeitos dos elementos minerais na qualidade de frutas estão disponíveis na literatura; no entanto, a maioria faz referência às frutíferas de clima temperado, como a maçã ou algumas tropicais como manga, goiaba, banana, abacaxi e maracujá. No caso das frutas cítricas ou citros, pode-se argumentar que é necessário recopilar as informações que têm sido geradas recentemente. O objetivo desta revisão foi apresentar e comentar algumas informações sobre a influência de elementos minerais sobre as características das frutas destas frutíferas. Ressalta-se, que o potássio tem sido o macronutriente mais avaliado, enquanto que o cálcio e o magnésio foram os menos pesquisados. O potássio foi o elemento com maior influência nas características da fruta, seguido do nitrogênio e do fósforo. O resultado mais consistente do potássio foi o efeito positivo sobre a massa fresca da fruta. O zinco foi o micronutriente mais avaliado nos experimentos, seguido do boro que foi o micronutriente mais influente na qualidade, especialmente pelo seu efeito positivo sobre a massa fresca e a porcentagem de suco das frutas. Foi confirmada a carência de informações referentes ao efeito da nutrição mineral sobre a qualidade das frutas dos citros, sendo mais evidente para os macronutrientes. Palavras-chave adicionais:Citrus;fruticultura; nutrientes.

Mineral Content of the Pulp and Peel of Various Citrus Fruit Cultivars

“…We found no information in the available literature on the phosphorus content of individual parts of citrus fruits. This information is extremely important because phosphorus, potassium and nitrogen are the elements with the greatest influence on fruit characteristics [23]. Analysis of the magnesium content in individual parts of the fruits revealed that the peel had higher content of this macronutrient than the pulp, with significant differences noted in the case of orange, pomelo, lemon, and red and white grapefruit (Table 2).…”

“…The fruits with the highest magnesium content are the mandarin and orange according to Baghurst et al [17] and Caengprasath et al [33], and the lime according to Baghurst et al [17]. These discrepancies in results may be due to factors such as the type of soil the fruit was grown on Aular et al [23].…”

Effect of Integrated Nutrient Management on Soil Nutrient Status, Fruit Quality and Yield of Mandarin Orange (Citrus reticulata) in Darzo, Mizoram

“…High dose of nitrogen (1.5 kg urea per tree) application increases total soluble solid (TSS) up to a certain limit (Zerki, 2011). With increases in total soluble solid in mandarin fruit, it decreases titratable acidity of juice (Aular, Casares, & Natale, 2017). Similarly, phosphorous enhances higher sugar to acid ratio in citrus fruit (Ritenour et al, 2003).Increase in peel weight, number of segments and number of seed per segment was observed from 20gm, 8 numbers and 2 numbers in control as compared to 23.3 gm, 11 number and 3.5 number in demonstrated yield.…”

Using artificial neural network in predicting the key fruit quality of loquat

“…The size, soluble solids content, and titratable acid content of fruit play important roles in the external quality and edible flavor of fruit (Melke & Fetene, 2014), and the mineral elements, especially in soil and leaves, have important influences on fruit growth, fruit formation, and fruit quality control (Aular et al., 2017; Nestby et al., 2005). Soil is an important factor for material and energy exchange in the ecosystem, soil nutrients elements are closely related to the growth, development of fruit trees yields, and fruit quality and leaves are the main organs that plants use for photosynthesis, production of nutrients, and directly supply mineral nutrition for tree growth and fruit (Velemis et al., 1999).…”