Factors Affecting Bone Demineralization and Blood Lead Levels of Postmenopausal Women—A Population-Based Study from Germany

Relationship of Blood and Bone Lead to Menopause and Bone Mineral Density among Middle-Age Women in Mexico City

“…This finding suggests that pregnancy, and probably breastfeeding as well, may mobilize the lead deposited in bone simultaneously with calcium, to meet the calcium requirements observed in pregnancy and lactation, leaving smaller amounts of lead to be mobilized during the menopause transition. These results have not been confirmed by other investigators (Brown et al 2000;Muldoon et al 1994;Weyerman and Brenner 1998). In our study PosM women who breast-fed had higher bone lead levels (21.2 and 18.1 µg of lead per gram of bone mineral; p = 0.23).…”

“…Although previous studies demonstrated the blood lead increase during this stage of life (Muldoon et al 1994;Silbergeld et al 1988;Symansky and Hertz-Picciotto 1995;Weyerman and Brenner 1998), only one study recently published simultaneously measured lead levels in blood and bone among perimenopausal women (Korrick et al 2002).…”

Blood lead levels and bone turnover with weight reduction in women

“…This is not surprising, as previous studies have observed an inverse Blood Pb and bone turnover with weight loss Riedt et al relationship between BPb levels and Ca intake for women of all ages (Lacasana-Navarro et al, 1996;Weyermann and Brenner, 1998;Lacasana et al, 2000). However, after 6 months of weight loss, Ca intake was no longer associated with BPb levels.…”

The impact of menopause and lifestyle factors on blood and bone lead levels among female former smelter workers: The Bunker Hill Study

“…Bone tissue does not represent a site of permanent sequestration of lead but rather a source of continuous internal exposure that may increase as a result of the changes in bone turnover observed at different life changes [Pounds et al, 1991;Gulson et al, 1995]. Increases in bone demineralization after menopause increases the mobilization of lead stored in bone into the bloodstream and consequently increases blood lead levels [Ruegsegger et al, 1984;Riggs and Melton, 1986;Elders et al, 1988;Nilas and Christiansen, 1988;Silbergeld et al, 1993;Weyerman and Brenner, 1998]. Postmenopausal women have been shown to have higher blood lead levels [Symansky and HertzPiccioto, 1995].…”