Factors affecting basin type solar still productivity: A detailed review

Muftah, A. F.; Alghoul, M. A.; Fudholi, Ahmad; Abdul-Majeed, M. M.; Sopian, Kamaruzzaman

doi:10.1016/j.rser.2013.12.052

Cited by 206 publications

(83 citation statements)

References 117 publications

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“…Solar distillation is a technology which operates directly with the help of solar radiation. Solar energy could provide a sustainable alternative to drive the distillation plants, especially in the countries which lie on the solar belt such as Africa, The Middle East, South Asian countries like India (Muftah et al 2014).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A comprehensive decade review and analysis on designs and performance parameters of passive solar still

Manchanda¹,

Kumar²

2015

Renewables

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The simplest and easily accessible type of solar distillation is passive solar still which utilizes freely and abundantly available sun energy for removal of salinity/impurity from saline/brackish water. The main drawback of passive solar still is its lower efficiency and distillation output. Different designs of passive solar stills are fabricated and tested by various researchers to meet water demand economically. Concave wick basin pyramidal-shaped solar still was observed to produce 4.0 l/m 2 /day average distillate with a cost of 0.065$/l. Double basin solar still showed an average of 85 % higher yield than single basin still. Stepped type, inclined, tubular, pyramidal, spherical, and hemispherical shapes were considered an efficient designs of passive solar still. Numbers of parameters such as water depth, solar radiation, ambient conditions, condensing cover material, its cooling and direction, internal and external reflectors, sun tracking system, wicks, thermal and energy storage materials were outlined which highly affect the performance of solar still. Water depth of 0.04 m and condensing cover inclination to latitude of the place were observed optimum operational parameters. A distillate output of 4.3 l/m 2 was collected with cotton gauge top cover cooling to V-type solar still. Increase of 75 % in productivity and 56 % in daily efficiency was observed with internal reflector stepped solar still. An improvement of 380 % was observed in stepwise basin solar still integrated with sun tracking system. Despite large efforts carried out on passive solar distillation, there are some challenges like bulkiness, high initial cost, and optimization of spacing between condensing cover and water surface of inclined still, thermophysical properties of basin material, flow rate, insulation material and its thickness, which need to be improved to make this technique efficient in practical utilization. This review paper mainly presents the results of previous work carried out on the designs, operational and process parameters affecting distillation, cost analysis, further scope of improvement in preceding work along with their limitations. The decade reviews on solar stills based on different context authored by many researchers have also been summarized. Moreover, this review paper will help the researchers to understand the basics of solar still with the need, developments and challenges in passive solar distillation to improve its thermal performance.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A comprehensive decade review and analysis on designs and performance parameters of passive solar still

Manchanda¹,

Kumar²

2015

Renewables

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“…Muftah et al (2014) showed that climatic parameters such as wind speed, solar radiation, and ambient temperature affect the productivity of stepped solar still. If wind speed and solar radiation were increased then productivity of solar still increased [36].Some more researches carried out on stepped solar still considering different process parameters are tabulated in table 1. III.…”

Section: IImentioning

confidence: 99%

Recent Advancements In Stepped Solar Still & Its Performance Parameters

Malik¹

2017

IJRASET

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Solar distillation is a simple technique to get fresh and pure water. Different designs of solar distillation has been studied in different regions of the world. Stepped basin type solar still is an efficient design in which flat basin of conventional solar still is replaced with stepped tray basin. Different types of design, operational and climatic parameters of stepped solar still has been studied in this review paper. Stepped solar still with 5mm water depth and 120mm tray width resulted optimum design parameter. Stepped basin solar still with the combination of solar collector, hot water tank, internal and external reflector and condenser resulted higher yield which is sufficient to fullfill the small family need. The performance of stepped solar still can be highly improvedwith the use of energy storage material, additives, sponges etc. Climatic parameter like solar radiation, wind speed and ambient temperature also effect the productivity of stepped solar still. Higher wind speed decreases the temperature difference between the glass cover and basin water temperature and thus increases the productivity. Keywords: solar still, stepped solar still, performance parameters, weir design I.INTRODUCTION Water is the basic necessity of every human being that lives on earth. Fresh water is available in rivers, lakes and underground water reservoirs. About 71% of the earth surface is covered with water, of which 96.5% is found in ocean, 1.7% in groundwater, 1.7% in glaciers and ice caps and 0.01% in the air as vapors and clouds. Only 2.5% of the earth water is drinkable water. Human that living on earth requires nearly 30-50 L/day of potable water for drinking and cooking purpose. But the availability of fresh water from the natural water resources is shrinking day by day due to rapid growth of population, water pollution and poor water management. Contaminated water always contains some harmful bacteria, viruses, dissolved and undisclosed materials, chemical and physical contaminants which causes serious damage to health on consumption [1][2][3]. There are different kind of purification methods suchas sedimentation, filtration, and distillation etc. which are used to get pure water from the contaminated water. There are also some biological(slow sand filters or biologically activecarbon), chemical (flocculation and chlorination) and electromagnetic processes (ultraviolet light) that are used for extraction of fresh water. The industrial desalination methods which involve either phase change phenomenon or semi-permeable membranes for extraction of pure water are namely, multiple effect desalination, multi stage flash desalination, thermal vapour compression, mechanical vapour compression etc. These conventional methods of producing fresh water are highly energy consuming and required heat in the form of mechanical or electrical work. Solar desalination seems to be the economical and viable techniques of purifying the saline water [4].

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“…Muftah et al [8] and Sivakumar and Sundaram [27] reviewed techniques of solar still efficiency as well as various factors that are responsible for change in productivity and showed that salinity has a great effect on solar still productivity. Effect of salt concentration in the initial water was investigated and the result was depicted in Fig.…”

Section: Effect Of Salinity Of Watermentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Solar stills are mainly categorized into two distinct types namely active solar still and passive solar still. Water in the still undergoes direct heating in case of passive solar still whereas in case of active solar still; water undergoes heating by sunlight as well as by preheated water [8]. However, there are three different factors reported to affect the productivity of basin type solar stills: climatic, design and operational conditions.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The climatic conditions include solar intensity, ambient temperature, wind velocity and so forth, while design conditions include type of stills, materials of construction, sun tracking system, inclination of cover etc. Operational conditions, on the other hand, mainly include water depth in the still, extent of salinity, addition of dye as well as energy absorbing materials [8,9]. Even though sunlight is an abundant source of energy and incurs a zero fuel cost, it requires more space as well as more equipment for collection [10].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Experimental Study of the Operational Parameters on Low-cost Single-basin Solar Still in Jessore, Bangladesh

et al. 2017

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Keeping in mind the growing concern of sustainability, the present study aims to develop a hands-on technique for potable water production by using a portable single-basin solar still, which is constructed with low-cost, locally available and lightweight materials. The performance of single-basin solar still were investigated using different essential operational variables, which include weather condition, water salinity, brine water depth, and addition of glass marbles as energy absorbing material. Ambient weather conditions were found to have direct effect on the productivity of the still. The solar still productivity increased by 29% when a layer of glass marbles was used. The study also showed that the daily water production increased with the decrease in the initial depth of brine water. Estimating a useful life of 4 years of the solar still, an average cost of produced potable water was defined to be BDT 0.35 per lit. In addition, some important water quality parameters were tested and compared with drinking water standard values. The obtained values were found to be in line with the drinking water standards of WHO.

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Factors affecting basin type solar still productivity: A detailed review

Cited by 206 publications

References 117 publications

A comprehensive decade review and analysis on designs and performance parameters of passive solar still

A comprehensive decade review and analysis on designs and performance parameters of passive solar still

Recent Advancements In Stepped Solar Still & Its Performance Parameters

Experimental Study of the Operational Parameters on Low-cost Single-basin Solar Still in Jessore, Bangladesh

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