Factors affecting access to primary health care services in Pakistan: a gender-based analysis

Panezai, Sanaullah; Ahmad, Mokbul Morshed; Saqib, Shahab E.

doi:10.1080/09614524.2017.1344188

Cited by 35 publications

(39 citation statements)

References 15 publications

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“…This finding is also consistent with previously reported studies [29,38]. Unaffordability of healthcare services is the main issue in many lower-middle and low-income countries including Pakistan [39][40][41].. Health authorities should ensure that access to basic and specialised healthcare services is affordable for all the citizens.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 90%

Association between attendance at outpatient follow-up appointments and blood pressure control among patients with hypertension

Mahmood

Jalal

Hadi

et al. 2020

BMC Cardiovasc Disord

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Objective The aim of this study was to assess the impact of regularity in treatment follow-up appointments on treatment outcomes among hypertensive patients attending different healthcare settings in Islamabad, Pakistan. Additionally, factors associated with regularity in treatment follow-up were also identified. Methods A cross-sectional study was undertaken in selected primary, secondary and tertiary healthcare settings between September, 2017 and December, 2018 in Islamabad, Pakistan. A structured data collection form was used to gather sociodemographic and clinical data of recruited patients. Binary logistic regression analyses were undertaken to determine association between regularity in treatment follow-up appointments and blood pressure control and to determine covariates significantly associated with regularity in treatment follow-up appointments. Results A total of 662 patients with hypertension participated in the study. More than half 346 (52%) of the patients were females. The mean age of participants was 54 ± 12 years. Only 274 (41%) patients regularly attended treatment follow-up appointments. Regression analysis found that regular treatment follow-up was an independent predictor of controlled blood pressure (OR 1.561 [95% CI 1.102–2.211; P = 0.024]). Gender (OR 1.720 [95% CI 1.259–2.350; P = 0.001]), age (OR 1.462 [CI 95%:1.059–2.020; P = 0.021]), higher education (OR 1.7 [95% CI 1.041–2.778; P = 0.034]), entitlement to free medical care (OR 3.166 [95% CI 2.284–4.388; P = 0.0001]), treatment duration (OR 1.788 [95% CI 1.288–2.483; P = 0.001]), number of medications (OR 1.585 [95% CI 1.259–1.996; P = 0.0001]), presence of co-morbidity (OR 3.214 [95% CI 2.248–4.593; P = 0.0001]) and medication adherence (OR 6.231 [95% CI 4.264–9.106; P = 0.0001]) were significantly associated with regularity in treatment follow-up appointments. Conclusion Attendance at follow-up visits was alarmingly low among patients with hypertension in Pakistan which may explain poor treatment outcomes in patients. Evidence-based targeted interventions should be developed and implemented, considering local needs, to improve attendance at treatment follow-up appointments.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 90%

Association between attendance at outpatient follow-up appointments and blood pressure control among patients with hypertension

Mahmood

Jalal

Hadi

et al. 2020

BMC Cardiovasc Disord

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“…Study by Vidler et al, (2016) has found poor education as one of the factor that hinder accessing of maternal healthcare services [54]. Contrary to our findings, a study conducted in Pakistan by Panezai (2017) has found that distance, transport, staff availability, income, service hours and service organization are some of the barriers to maternal healthcare services [65]. Furthermore our study revealed that maternal, neonatal and child healthcare (MNCH) gap does exist.…”

Section: Risk Of Bias Across Studiescontrasting

confidence: 98%

Evidence on access to health care information by women of reproductive age in Low-and-Middle-Income Countries: Scoping Review

Shatilwe

Kuupiel

Mashamba-Thompson

2020

Preprint

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Background Majority of women of reproductive age in Low and Middle Income Countries (LMICs) are not able to access health services due to different factors. The main objective of this scoping review is to map the literature on access to healthcare information by women of reproductive age in LMICs. Methods The literature search was conducted through the following databases: Scholar, Science Direct, PubMed, EBSCOhost (Academic search complete, CINAHL with full text, MEDLINE with full text, MEDLINE, and PsycINFO), Emerald, Embase, published and peer reviewed journals, organizational projects, reference list, grey literature as well as reports related to this objective were included in the study. Studies reporting evidence on interventions aimed at enabling access to health care information in LMICs published during the period 2004 to until recent, were eligible for inclusion. Identified key words were used to search articles from the databases. Following title screening, two reviewers independently reviewed the abstracts and full articles. Inclusion and exclusion criteria was considered to guide the screening. Results A total of 451 900 articles were identified from all the databases searched. Of these, four articles meet inclusion criteria after full article screening and were included for data extraction. The included articles were conducted in the following countries: Eastern Uganda, Gauteng, South Africa, Myanmar and Nepal. The themes that emerged from our study are as follows: accessibility, financial accessibility/affordability, connectivity and challenges. This study demonstrated that, there are minimal interventions that enable women of reproductive age to access healthcare information in terms of accessibility, financial accessibility and connectivity. The study further revealed that with the minimal strategies tried, such as telemedicine and text messages, a large population of women could be reached and this strategies are less cost. Conclusion The findings of the study revealed poor access and utilization of maternal healthcare information by women of reproductive age. We therefore recommend primary studies in other LMICs to determine the accessibility, financial accessibility, connectivity and challenges faced by women of reproductive age in LMICs to reduce maternal and neonatal mortality rate and to achieve the Sustainable Development Goal 3.

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“…The information will be further useful for decision-makers to rationally allocate the healthcare resources so that the healthcare budget can be utilized effectively. Besides, both healthcare professionals and policy-makers should have better recognition of acute ECOPD as a major healthcare problem and hence more healthcare policy interventions should be designed to reduce the incidence and impact of acute ECOPD [11][12][13][14][15][16]. In recent studies, the cost for acute ECOPD per exacerbation episode was calculated to be 718 USD in Turkey, 2319 USD in Greece, 1571 USD in Poland and 89.75 USD in India [17][18][19][20][21].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Pharmacoeconomic Analysis of Acute Exacerbation of Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease

Iqbal

Alsaikhan

Ahmed

et al. 2020

JPRI

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Introduction: Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) imparts a substantial economic burden on an individual and society. Exacerbation of COPD (ECOPD) is the primary cost driver for this burden as it usually associated with hospital admissions of COPD patients. The present study aimed to determine the direct costs of acute ECOPD among COPD patients. Methods: A total of 90 eligible patients with acute ECOPD who were admitted to the hospital were involved in this study. A convenient sampling technique was used during data collection. Cost data were collected according to the expenditures and existing information. Data were analyzed using Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS) version 23.0. The Spearman's rank test was used to observe the differences (correlations) between the Govt perspective and the patient perspective. Results: The direct costs per episode of acute ECOPD were determined according to the Anthonisen criteria for evaluating acute ECOPD. The mean direct costs for severity III, severity II and severity I were 89.1, 134.8 and 178.2 USD respectively. The cost of acute ECOPD was positively associated with disease severity, length of hospital stay and the number of co-morbidities. Conclusion: Acute ECOPD patients consume a considerable amount of healthcare resources and pose a significant economic burden on the government.

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Factors affecting access to primary health care services in Pakistan: a gender-based analysis

Cited by 35 publications

References 15 publications

Association between attendance at outpatient follow-up appointments and blood pressure control among patients with hypertension

Association between attendance at outpatient follow-up appointments and blood pressure control among patients with hypertension

Evidence on access to health care information by women of reproductive age in Low-and-Middle-Income Countries: Scoping Review

Pharmacoeconomic Analysis of Acute Exacerbation of Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease

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