Factorial Validity of the Korean Version of the Exercise Dependence Scale–Revised

Abstract

This study evaluated the psychometric properties of the Korean version of the 21-item Exercise Dependence Scale-Revised (EDS-R). The EDS-R was designed to measure the multidimensional aspects of exercise dependence symptoms such as withdrawal, continuance, tolerance, lack of control, reductions, time, and intention. Although the EDS-R has demonstrated sound psychometric properties, it has only been validated in Western samples. Cross-cultural validations of the instrument may increase the knowledge of exercise dependence. Therefore, this study aimed to contribute to the file by investigating the validity and utility of the construct of the EDS-R, using a non-Western sample. 402 adult participants who were over 18 years of age and who reported exercising at least once a week were asked to complete the EDS-R. The results from factor analyses supported that the seven-factor model of exercise dependence symptoms showed an adequate fit for both men and women. The EDS-R scores differentiated between samples, with varying amounts of exercise; 15.4% of the sample was classified as being at risk for exercise dependence. In sum, the results indicated that the EDS-R is a psychometrically reliable assessment tool for exercise dependence symptoms in Korea.

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“…Focusing on gender differences, EA studies suggest that these differences can be explained, in part, by the instruments that were used to measure the addiction to exercise (Weik & Hale, 2009). However, the literature seems to agree that when measuring with EAI and EDS as instruments, women score lower than men on the prevalence of EA (Lichtenstein & Jensen, 2016;Shin & You, 2015;Szabo et al, 2013;Weik & Hale, 2009). Besides, the number of studies reporting women having a higher prevalence of EA than men is scarce (Costa, Hausenblas, Oliva, Cuzzocrea, & Larcan, 2015;Youngman & Simpson, 2014).…”

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“…These results offer interesting practical applications, because when promoting sports among young people, the motive for skill development seems to be one of the most influential with health (Guedes and Netto, 2013). Together with Hannus's (2012) reported results of the predictive power of orientation to mastery of exercise dependence avoidance, it would be a good promotion strategy for healthy sports participation for this population, since the importance of healthy exercise is to be constant and regular, as a key issue in maintaining health (Shin and You, 2015).…”

“…It seems clear that aerobic exercise of light and moderate intensity prevents stress (Haaren et al, 2016), and this agrees with Hannus (2012) who stated that the motives for energy release and fun had an inverse relationship with exercise dependence. However, what type of exercise would have to be researched, because if subjects who engage in physical activity by releasing energy do so at high intensities and high exercise frequencies, they may be at increased risk of exercise dependence, as seen in other populations (Phelan et al, 2011;Shin and You, 2015) where those who perform a greater amount and intensity of exercise have greater exercise dependence.…”

Factorial Validity and Psychometric Properties of Exercise Dependence Scale Revised Among Lebanese Exercisers

“…This frequently used scale has prompted numerous studies of structural validation using confirmatory analysis. Studies made by Downs et al (2004) , Allegre and Therme (2008 , French version), Lindwall and Palmeira (2009 , Swedish and Portuguese versions), Sicilia and González-Cutre (2011 , Spanish version), Costa et al (2012 , Italian version), Mónok et al (2012 , Hungurian version), Parastatidou et al (2012 , Greek version), Alchieri et al (2015 , Brazilian Poruguese version), Shin and You (2015 , Korean version) using confirmatory analysis with maximum likelihood estimator and by Müller et al (2013 , German version), using weighted least square, confirm the first-order seven-factor model (see Table 1 ). However, some items’ factor loadings are inferior to 0.70 which could be problematic according to Hair et al (2017) .…”

“…To complete the structural analysis, Lindwall and Palmeira (2009) ; Sicilia and González-Cutre (2011) , and Shin and You (2015) studied invariance analysis. Sicilia and González-Cutre (2011) indicated a partial invariance across age (cut-off point: 28 years-old) both for first-order seven-factor model (no significant difference between unconstrained model and model with invariant measurement weights) and higher-order factor model (no significant difference between the unconstrained model and the models with invariant measurement weights and invariant structural weights).…”