Factorial invariance of the Marianismo Beliefs Scale among Latinos in the Hispanic Community Health Study/Study of Latinos Sociocultural Ancillary Study

Abstract

Objective: The Marianismo Beliefs Scale (MBS) assesses five components of marianismo, a cultural script of Latina gender role expectations. This study evaluated the MBS's psychometric properties across language, sex, and Latino subgroups

The Scale of Ethnic Experience long and short forms in Spanish and English: Psychometric findings from the HCHS/SOL Sociocultural Ancillary Study.

“…Responses range from 1 = strongly disagree to 4 = strongly agree ; higher scores indicate greater marianismo. For the HCHS/SOL Sociocultural Ancillary Study sample, analysis supported the five-factor structure and equivalence invariance across language versions and Latino heritage groups (Castillo et al, 2021). Alphas ranged from .78 to .83 for the present sample.…”

“…Convergent/discriminant validity for subscale scores was evaluated via predicted relationships with sociodemographic and cultural variables. Specifically, we expected that Hispanic/Latino adults with a more traditional cultural orientation (i.e., had lived in the U.S. fewer years, reported a preference for Spanish, and scored higher on measures of traditional cultural values of simpatía, machismo, marianismo, and familism) would score higher on Ethnic Identity and Social Affiliation and lower on Mainstream Comfort (Campos et al, 2019;Castillo et al, 2010Castillo et al, , 2021Griffith et al, 1998;Nuñez et al, 2016;Sabogal et al, 1987;Sotomayor-Peterson et al, 2012). We expected that Perceived Discrimination scores would be uniquely positively associated with scores from a stand-alone measure of perceived discrimination (Brondolo et al, 2005); that Ethnic Identity scores would be uniquely positively associated with scores from items from a legacy ethnic identity measure (Roberts et al, 1999) assessing ethnic belonging and pride; and that Social Affiliation scores, reflecting preference for social affiliation with members of one's ethnic group, would be uniquely negatively associated with scores from a legacy Hispanic acculturation scale (Marín et al, 1987), representing lower orientation toward ethnic social relations.…”

How Culture Impacts Health: The Hispanic Narrative

“…In some Hispanic communities, cultural norms around gender, such as machismo and marianismo , may influence prevention, treatment, patient care, and health outcomes (Castillo et al, 2021).…”

“…Cultural insensitivity by health-care providers poses serious threats to Hispanic patients who may avoid preventive counseling. Hispanic patients are less likely to be screened for cervical and colorectal cancer (Castillo et al, 2021; Spencer et al, 2023), have less follow-up care, and are more likely than Non-Hispanic Whites to receive mental health care through Emergency Departments rather than outpatient services (Velasco-Mondragon et al, 2016). Given the high prevalence of diabetes and obesity within the Hispanic population, it is discouraging to learn that only 20% of Hispanic patients reported that their providers had discussed diet and exercise with them within the previous year (Velasco-Mondragon et al, 2016).…”