Factorial design optimization of polystyrene microspheres obtained by aqueous dispersion polymerization in the presence of poly(2‐ethyl‐2‐oxazoline) reactive stabilizer

Iordache, Tanta‐Verona; Banu, Nasrin; Giol, Elena Diana; Vuluga, Dumitru Mircea; Jerca, Florica Adriana; Jerca, Valentin Victor

doi:10.1002/pi.5974

Cited by 3 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 53 publications

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“…The Y axis represents the t-value effect of the factors. The t-value relates to the effect of each factor on each response, where the higher the value is, the more significant a factor is to the response; in this case, the size [ 3 ]. If a factor has a t-value effect above the t-value limit, it is a significant effect, while if below, it is insignificant [ 32 ].…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The systems were kept at 37 • C with orbital agitation. At regular periods (0, 0.25, 1,3,6,24,48,72,144,192,240, and 312 h (h)), 2 mL of the PBS was retrieved and replaced with fresh PBS. The 2 mL were then analyzed by UV-VIS spectroscopy to determine the concentration of MB at each time.…”

Section: In Vitro Drug Releasementioning

confidence: 99%

“…These can accommodate drugs/bioactive agents within their structures and withhold their release, thus, having a more prolonged release mechanism compared to oral or systemic administration [ 2 ]. There is also the possibility to accommodate cells within their structure, and hence, they can also be a useful system for tissue engineering [ 3 ]. Thus, microparticles offer therapeutic and technological advantages, since they could be used as drug delivery systems and also as scaffolds [ 2 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Gellan Gum/Alginate Microparticles as Drug Delivery Vehicles: DOE Production Optimization and Drug Delivery

et al. 2023

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Gellan gum is a biocompatible and easily accessible polysaccharide with excellent properties to produce microparticles as drug delivery systems. However, the production methods often fail in reproducibility, compromising the translational potential of such systems. In this work, the production of gellan gum-based microparticles was optimized using the coaxial air flow method, and an inexpensive and reproducible production method. A design of experiments was used to identify the main parameters that affect microparticle production and optimization, focusing on diameter and dispersibility. Airflow was the most significant factor for both parameters. Pump flow affected the diameter, while the gellan gum/alginate ratio affected dispersibility. Microparticles were revealed to be sensitive to pH with swelling, degradation, and encapsulation efficiency affected by pH. Using methylene blue as a model drug, higher encapsulation, and swelling indexes were obtained at pH 7.4, while a more pronounced release occurred at pH 6.5. Within PBs solutions, the microparticles endured up to two months. The microparticle release profiles were studied using well-known models, showing a Fickian-type release, but with no alteration by pH. The developed microparticles showed promising results as drug-delivery vehicles sensitive to pH.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: In Vitro Drug Releasementioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Gellan Gum/Alginate Microparticles as Drug Delivery Vehicles: DOE Production Optimization and Drug Delivery

et al. 2023

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Gellan Gum/Alginate Microparticles As Drug Delivery Vehicles: Doe Production Optimization and Drug Delivery

Carrêlo¹,

Cidade²,

Borges³

et al. 2023

Preprint

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Polysaccharides such as alginate and gellan gum are biocompatible and easily accessible biopolymers with excellent properties to produce microparticles as drug delivery systems. However, the production methods often fail in reproducibility, compromising the translational potential of such systems. In this work, microparticles made from gellan gum and alginate were optimized using the coaxial air flow method, and an inexpensive and reproducible production method. A Design of Experiments was used to identify the main parameters that affect the microparticle’s production and optimization, focusing on the diameter and dispersibility. Airflow was the most significant factor for both parameters. Pump flow affected the diameter, whilst the gellan gum/alginate ratio affected dispersibility. After optimization, microparticle swelling, drug entrapment and release profile were analyzed at two pH, 7.4 and 6.5. Using methylene blue as a model drug, higher encapsulation and swelling indexes were obtained at pH 7.4, whilst a more pronounced release occurred at pH 6.5. The microparticle release profiles were studied by resorting to well-known models, showing a Fickian type release. The developed microparticles show promising results as drug-delivery vehicles for biomedical applications.

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Effect of Preparation Temperature on Ethylcellulose Microsphere Properties Prepared by Oil-in-Oil Emulsion Solvent Evaporation Process

Mohapatra¹,

Sahoo²

2023

IND. DRU.

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The present study aims to formulate ethylcellulose microspheres using the oil-in-oil emulsion solvent evaporation method and judge the outcome of processing temperature on their features. The effects of the evaporation rate of the solvent on the particle properties and drug release characteristics of the microspheres were studied. Here, microspheres were prepared at different processing temperatues, viz., 10 0 C, 25 0 C, and 40 0 C, and their impact on the various characteristics of microspheres like surface topography, micrometrics, yield percent, encapsulation efficiency, in vitro dissolution, Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) and release kinetics were elaborately studied. The FTIR study revealed that processing temperature did not affect drug-polymer compatibility. The study observed that the processing temperature had a great influence on the various characteristics of the prepared microsphere. It was observed from sieve analysis that the mean particle size of the microsphere increased with an increase in processing temperature, and the SEM study also corroborated the same result. SEM photographs showed processing at a higher temperature resulted in particles with a smooth surface, in contrast to a lower processing temperature that forms a bumpy surface. Furthermore, a higher temperature favoured formulation with a higher entrapment efficiency (94.42 ± 0.9 %) as compared to a lower temperature (85.2 ± 0.72 %). For a noteworthy timeframe, indinavir sulfate frames a solid solution in the ethylcellulose matrix and proceeds with the amorphous state. The results of an in vitro drug dissolution study showed that microspheres formulated at a higher temperature had a more sustaining effect as compared to those formulated at a lower temperature, which may have resulted due to their higher mean particle size. Using the Korsemeyer Peppas power law, it was found that the way drugs are released is controlled by diffusion.

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Factorial design optimization of polystyrene microspheres obtained by aqueous dispersion polymerization in the presence of poly(2‐ethyl‐2‐oxazoline) reactive stabilizer

Cited by 3 publications

References 53 publications

Gellan Gum/Alginate Microparticles as Drug Delivery Vehicles: DOE Production Optimization and Drug Delivery

Gellan Gum/Alginate Microparticles as Drug Delivery Vehicles: DOE Production Optimization and Drug Delivery

Gellan Gum/Alginate Microparticles As Drug Delivery Vehicles: Doe Production Optimization and Drug Delivery

Effect of Preparation Temperature on Ethylcellulose Microsphere Properties Prepared by Oil-in-Oil Emulsion Solvent Evaporation Process

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