Abstract:Bentonite clays are materials composed by one or more smectite clay minerals and some accessory minerals, mainly quartz, cristobalite, mica, feldspars and other clay minerals such as kaolinite. These contaminants present in clays have a large distribution of particle sizes which severely restrict their industrial applications, with the use of hydrocyclone as a likely solution for their reduction. This study aims to analyze the treatment of smectite clays from the state of Paraíba using modeling, simulation and… Show more
“…Factorial design and surface response methodology (SRM) are important tools in the treatments of clays, enabling optimization of processes through the reduction of costs, reagent consumption and duration, and maximizing the performance and quality of products [5]. Statistical analysis also allows a better understanding of the real influences over the process variables and conditions, resulting on more reliable results.…”
Sodium bentonites are extensively used in industry because they have specific properties that are wanted for several purposes, such as high swelling, thixotropy, and cation exchange capacity. Otherwise, calcium and polycationic bentonites, which are predominant in Brazil, need to be chemically treated by sodium activation to expand their content of interlayer exchangeable sodium cations, which increases these properties. The present study shows the factorial design of the sodium activation for a polycationic bentonite from Quatro Barras, Paraná. The factors considered in the study were: reagent (NaOH and Na2CO3), concentration (1% and 5%) and contact time (24 and 72 h). The response variables were swelling and cation exchange capacity. Statistical analysis indicated significant effects of all factors over swelling and response surface methodology indicated optimal activation with sodium carbonate at 5% for 24 h.
“…Factorial design and surface response methodology (SRM) are important tools in the treatments of clays, enabling optimization of processes through the reduction of costs, reagent consumption and duration, and maximizing the performance and quality of products [5]. Statistical analysis also allows a better understanding of the real influences over the process variables and conditions, resulting on more reliable results.…”
Sodium bentonites are extensively used in industry because they have specific properties that are wanted for several purposes, such as high swelling, thixotropy, and cation exchange capacity. Otherwise, calcium and polycationic bentonites, which are predominant in Brazil, need to be chemically treated by sodium activation to expand their content of interlayer exchangeable sodium cations, which increases these properties. The present study shows the factorial design of the sodium activation for a polycationic bentonite from Quatro Barras, Paraná. The factors considered in the study were: reagent (NaOH and Na2CO3), concentration (1% and 5%) and contact time (24 and 72 h). The response variables were swelling and cation exchange capacity. Statistical analysis indicated significant effects of all factors over swelling and response surface methodology indicated optimal activation with sodium carbonate at 5% for 24 h.
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