Factores demográficos, prácticas sexuales y características del VIH asociados a la percepción de estigma

Abstract

Introducción: El estigma se considera una marca impuesta por la sociedad para negativamente diferenciar unas personas de otras y ser causa de rechazo, en este caso por ser portadoras de VIH. Objetivo: Explorar los factores demográficos, las prácticas sexuales y las características de la enfermedad relacionados con la percepción de estigma en un grupo de personas con VIH en la ciudad de Medellín en el 2014. Materiales y métodos: Estudio observacional, descriptivo, transversal, donde se incluyeron 217 pacientes de Medellín con diagnóstico de VIH para explorar el estigma mediante la escala de Berger, Se realizaron medidas de resumen y frecuencia, regresión logística binaria. Resultados: La edad promedio fue 39,3 (DE 10,79), predominaron los hombres con un 83,9 %, los solteros 67 %, los homosexuales 51,2 %, 41 % llevan más de cinco años con la enfermedad. El estigma se presenta en un 50,7%, siendo más elevado en los hombres (78,2 %), las mujeres tenían 2,3 veces la probabilidad de percepción de estigma alto con respecto a los hombres (IC 95% 1,12 -5,26), las personas en la categoría "separado/divorciado/viudo" tenían 2,9 veces la probabilidad de percepción de estigma alto que en la categoría "casado/unión libre" (IC 95% 1,02 -8,44). Conclusiones: Se logró explorar la asociación entre percepción de estigma en pacientes con VIH. Se evidencia que ser del sexo femenino presenta una prevalencia alta al estigma por su condición tal como se ha descrito en otros estudios, así como ser "soltero/separado/viudo" se asocia a la percepción de estigma alto. Palabras clave: Estigma; VIH; SIDA; Escala de Berger Enfermería Global Nº 51 Julio 2018Página 69 ABSTRACT:Introduction: Stigma is considered a mark imposed by society to deny the differentiation of people from others and the cause of rejection, in this case by being carriers of HIV. Objective: To explore the demographic factors, sexual practices and disease characteristics related to the perception of stigma in a group of people with HIV in the city of Medellín in 2014. Materials and methods: an observational, descriptive, cross-sectional study, which included 217 Medellin patients with HIV diagnosis to explore the calculation using the Berger scale. We performed summary and frequency measures, binary logistic regression. Results: The mean age was 39.3 (SD 10.79), men predominated with 83.9%, single individuals 67%, homosexuals 51.2%, 41% had more than five years with the disease. Estimates are presented in 50.7%, with men (78.2%) being higher, women being 2.3 times more likely to perceive high stigma than men (95% CI 1.12 -5.26), persons in the "separated / divorced / widowed" category had 2.9 times the probability of perceiving high stigma than in the "married / free-union" category (95% CI 1.02-8.44). Conclusions:It was possible to explore the association between the perception of stigma in patients with HIV. It is evident that the female sex presents a high prevalence of high quality because of its condition as described in other studies, as being "single / separated / wid...

Factors Associated with Tobacco Smoking in HIV Infected Persons, Brazil: A Cross Sectional Survey

“…Our sexual orientation proportions were 80.0% heterosexual (69% male, 94% female), 15.6% homosexual, 3.9% bisexual, and .5% transsexual; this distribution is unusual for Latin American PLWH populations. For example, Cardona-Garzón et al reported in their Colombian HIV/AIDS sample that 39.1% were heterosexual and 50.9% homosexual [47]. Interestingly, these authors show no association between stigma and sexual orientation, or number of years infected [47], corroborating our results.…”

“…For example, Cardona-Garzón et al reported in their Colombian HIV/AIDS sample that 39.1% were heterosexual and 50.9% homosexual [47]. Interestingly, these authors show no association between stigma and sexual orientation, or number of years infected [47], corroborating our results. Another study done in the same Brazilian state as ours reported a 70.3% heterosexual and 24.1% homosexual proportion in a sample of people with HIV/AIDS [27].…”

“…Furthermore, infected women were nearly 2½ times more likely to experience stigma than men. They revealed a trend whereby lower educated PLWH experienced more stigma, as well as those without work, but these latter ndings were not signi cant [47]. Therefore, the reason why HIV infected women are more likely to be current smokers may be because of the increasing impacts of stigma that they endure.…”

“…Stigma explains why PLWH have worse morbidity and mortality outcomes due to avoidance of, or irregular access to, treatment. Stigma may explain why PLWH do not reveal their HIV status to partners, or why they are more likely to avoid social contact [47].…”