Factores de riesgo para hospitalizaciones por reacciones adversas a medicamentos en un hospital de tercer nivel

Abstract

Introduction: Adverse drug reactions (ADR) are a global public health problem, being the sixth cause of death in hospitalized patients, with a prevalence of up to 18.1% of hospital admissions in Mexico. Objective: To describe the risk factors in patients hospitalized due to ADR in the Hospital Regional de Alta Especialidad de la Península de Yucatán (HRAEPY), a third-level hospital for the Yucatán Peninsula, Mexico. Methods: In this descriptive, retrospective, observational study, 675 cases were reviewed for ADR from 2015 to 2107. We analyzed prevalence, risk factors, drugs involved, causality, severity and predictability, using descriptive statistics. Results: A total of 145 hospital admissions were due to ADR, which represents 1.1% of the hospitalizations in the HRAEPY in the period studied. The mean age was 52.6 years, with a similar proportion between both sexes. Polypharmacy and old age were the most prevalent risk factors (75.2% and 44.1%, respectively), followed by hemato-oncological diseases (41.4%). The group of drugs with the highest number of ADR were antineoplastic agents (41.4%); ADR was the cause of death in 0.03% of patients. Discussion: There is a lack of information on risk factors for ADR as a reason for hospital admission in Mexico. In this study, polypharmacy and advanced age were prevalent risk factors, a finding similar to the international literature.