Factores de riesgo asociados al embarazo en adolescentes

Abstract

Objetivo: Evaluar los factores de riesgo para el embarazo en adolescentes.Método: Estudio retrospectivo de casos y controles con una muestra no probabilística por conveniencia de 180 adolescentes: 60 gestantes (casos) y 120 no gestantes (controles). La recolección de datos se realizó entre los meses de setiembre y octubre del 2019 en un centro de salud público de Trujillo, mediante el FACES-III y una ficha de identificación de datos sociodemográficos y familiares. Para el análisis de datos se determinó el Odds ratio, se calcularon los intervalos de confianza (IC) y se procedió a estimar la magnitud de efecto.Resultados: Tanto la exposición a la violencia (OR: 5.82), la funcionalidad familiar (OR: 3.87), la edad del primer embarazo de la madre (OR: 4.07) y la situación sentimental de los padres (OR: 4.24), actuaron como factores de riesgo con una magnitud de efecto moderada; en tanto que el grado de instrucción de la madre (OR: 2.03) se mostró como un factor de riesgo con magnitud de efecto pequeña y el grado de instrucción del padre (OR: 1.37) insignificante. Conclusiones: La exposición a la violencia, la funcionalidad familiar, la edad del primer embarazo de la madre, la situación sentimental y el grado de instrucción de los padres actuaron como factores de riesgo para el embarazo en adolescentes. Objective: To assess the risk factors for pregnancy in adolescents.Method: Retrospective case-control study with a non-probability sample for convenience of 180 adolescents: 60 pregnant women (cases) and 120 non pregnant women (controls) Data collection was carried out between September and October, 2019 in a public health center in Trujillo, using FACES-III and a card identifying sociodemographic and family data. For the data analysis the Odds ratio was determined, the confidence intervals (CI) were calculated and the magnitude of effect was estimated.Results: Exposure to violence (OR: 5.82), family functionality (OR: 3.87), age of mother's first pregnancy (OR: 4.07), and parents’ emotional situation (OR: 4.24) were risk factors with a moderate magnitude of effect, whereas mother's education (OR: 2.03) was a risk factor with a small magnitude of effect and father's education (OR: 1.37) was insignificant.Conclusions: Exposure to violence, family functionality, age of mother's first pregnancy, emotional situation and parents’ level of education all acted as risk factors for adolescent pregnancy.

Teenage Pregnancy, what is its Impact on Latin America?

“…Despite the fact that there was a decrease in the adolescent birth rate worldwide, it is considered that this decrease is due to the decrease in subsequent births in adolescent mothers, which agrees with what was reported by Pleson et al [8] who indicate that there is a decrease from 4 births per woman to 2.2 births per woman between 2010 and 2015. An evaluation of the adolescent pregnancy rate was also carried out, represented in the number of pregnancies per thousand women between 15 and 19 years of age in Peru, Haiti, Colombia, Bolivia, Nicaragua, which again coincides with what was reported in the study by Pleson et al [8] where a rate of adolescent pregnancies in Centroa which again coincides with what was reported in the study by Pleason et al [8]; Figure 1 representing this last region the highest values compared to the average for the Latin American region and being much higher than the world average, for which it is considered that Latin America is the only region with a growing trend of adolescent pregnancies [21,22]. According to Rodriguez [23] it is estimated that 16% of fertility among women is given by adolescents between 15 and 19 years of age in Latin America, but despite this it can be established see that at the local level there are countries like Colombia where it is estimated that at least 23% of children are the product of adolescent mothers [24]; In Peru, approximately 30.5% of women between the ages of 15 and 19 have had at least one child or were pregnant in 2017, despite this, Sanchez and Favara state that in the same period of time this percentage was 14.3%.…”

Factors Associated With Adolescent Pregnancy in a the Marginal Urban Population of the City of Loja

“…En el 2019, Castañeda Paredes & Santa-Cruz-Espinoza en su investigación realizada en Perú, indicaron que los factores de riesgo con una magnitud moderada de embarazo son: exposición a la violencia con un 61,67%, funcionalidad familiar baja con 80%, con 3.87 de probabilidad que una adolescente no gestante se embarace y en el 61,67%, el embarazo se justificó por problemas sentimentales entre los padres. (7).…”