Factores Asociados Al Abandono De La Anticoncepción Hormonal Oral: Un Estudio Con Los Adolescentes De La Ciudad De Rio De Janeiro

Abstract

RESUMENAntecedentes: El anticonceptivo hormonal oral es el método más usado por las adolescentes. Objetivo: Teniendo como objetivo contribuir con la reducción de las tasas de embarazos no previstos y sus riesgos médicos y sociales, estudiamos los factores que llevan al abandono de esta técnica. Método: Estudio experimental no controlado, con el uso de anticonceptivo oral, por seis meses, en adolescentes de 15 a 19 años, que concurren al Hospital Geral de Bonsucesso (Rio de Janeiro, Brasil) desde noviembre de 2004 a agosto de 2005. Las participantes fueron entrevistadas y se sometieron a los exámenes clínicos y de laboratorio, antes y después del uso de la medicación. Resultados: En el análisis de los datos fue utilizada la prueba Chi cuadrado con nivel de significación menor al 5%. Se constató que la edad precoz (15 a 16 años), la baja escolaridad y la relación conflictiva de la adolescente con la familia, son factores que están significativamente asociados a la no adhesión al método. Conclusiones: Para reducir la ocurrencia de embarazos no planeados son necesarios programas de salud reproductiva para adolescentes que incluyan la participación de sus familias, e inversiones que proporcionen el acceso universal y la valorización de la educación.PALABRAS CLAVES: Adolescencia, anticoncepción, abandono, embarazo en la adolescencia SUMMARY Background: The oral hormonal contraceptive is the most adopted method among adolescents. Objective: Seeking to reduce the rates of undesired pregnancy and all the medical and social risks, we studied the causing factors of the abandonment of this method. Methods: A non-controlled experimental study of the use of oral contraceptive was accomplished, for six months, with adolescents from 15 to 19 years old attended in the Hospital Geral de Bonsucesso (Rio de Janeiro, Brazil) between November 2004 and August 20005. The participants were interviewed and submitted to clinical and laboratorial tests before and after using the medication. In the data analysis the chi-square test was used with 5% level of significance. Results: It was verified that the precocious age (of 15 to 16 years old), the low education and the adolescent's conflicting relationship with their family are significant factors to the non-adhesion to the contraceptive method in question. Conclusions: We concluded that in order to reduce the occurrence of undesired pregnancies it will be necessary the adoption of programs of reproductive health for adolescents which include the participation of their families, as well as investments to provide the universal access and the valorization of the education.

Consulta ginecológica sob a ótica de estudantes do ensino médio do Rio de Janeiro, RJ

“…They had fewer diffi culties in making appointments, were more protected by their network of family and friends and were less vulnerable to sexual violence and accidental pregnancy. Confi rming the fi ndings of previous studies by the authors, 14 the students from these two institutions had very similar patterns of knowledge and behavior, suggesting that the parents' and guardians' level of education, and that of the girls themselves, is an important factor in factors of protection from and preventing violence.…”