Factor V Leiden in an Urartian, Dating Back to 1000 BC

Alakoç, Yeşim Doğan; Aka, P. Sema; Eğin, Yonca; Akar, Nejat

doi:10.1177/1076029609338045

Cited by 10 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 28 publications

(47 reference statements)

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…Unfortunately, there are no written records coming from such a distant past (writing was invented much later). Also, DNA is poorly preserved in warm climates, not to mention that potential archaeological material from that time is very scarce (the oldest known human remnants of a carrier of FV Leiden, about 3000 years old, come from excavations of the Urartu civilisation, nowadays eastern Turkey [27]; this Urartu individual, quite recent in terms of the discussed time perspective, cannot clarify the problem).…”

Section: Where Did Fv Leiden Actually Develop?mentioning

confidence: 99%

Factor V Leiden distribution – could it shed some light on the pre-history of Europe and the Near East?

Simka¹,

Latacz²

2016

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Polymorphism of clotting factor V, comprising Arg506Gln substitution in the factor V molecule, commonly known as Factor V Leiden, represents the most common heritable risk factor for thrombotic events in Indo-Europeans and some Semitic nations. Although it is suggested that this mutation is associated with a survival advantage that has facilitated the spread of this polymorphism in the human population, in this paper we argue against such a Darwinian evolutionary mechanism responsible for the high prevalence of FV Leiden in some countries. Instead, we propose that cultural, climatic, and geographic factors played a role. Taking into account the current distribution of FV Leiden polymorphism and the results of recent assessments of prehistoric human DNA, we suggest that actually the origin of FV Leiden mutation did not occur in the Near East, as is widely believed, but rather in a small isolated population of so-called Basal Eurasians, probably in northern Africa. This founder group probably migrated to the Near East during the Younger Dryas, a geological period associated with climate cooling. Here, they mixed with local people; still Factor V Leiden mutation remained very prevalent in this population. The invention of agriculture, which took place approximately 2,000 years later, gave the descendants of Basal Eurasians an enormous advantage over hunter-gatherers, and probably enabled a successful spread of FV Leiden polymorphism to Europe, Central Asia, and towards the Indian subcontinent.

show abstract

Section: Where Did Fv Leiden Actually Develop?mentioning

confidence: 99%

Factor V Leiden distribution – could it shed some light on the pre-history of Europe and the Near East?

Simka¹,

Latacz²

2016

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…The only similar study in Anatolia was performed by our group in 2009 using 3000-year-old Urartian tooth samples excavated from a site in Anatolia. DNA samples extracted from these teeth were screened using real time PCR to detect FVL mutation and 1 of the samples, which was previously determined to be male, was heterozygotic [51,52].…”

Section: Why Anatolia?mentioning

confidence: 99%

Untitled

2011

Turk J Hematol

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Before analysis of DNA from ancient remains was possible, anthropologists studied evolution and migration patterns using data obtained from population genetic studies on modern populations combined with data obtained from morphological evaluations of ancient remains. Currently, DNA analysis of ancient populations is making a valuable contribution to these efforts. Researchers that perform ancient DNA analysis prefer to study polymorphisms on the Y chromosome or mitochondrial DNA because the results are easier to statistically evaluate. To evaluate polymorphisms on diploid genomes, which are more informative, only mutations that have been extensively examined in modern populations should be chosen. The most extensively evaluated mutations are those related to prevalent inherited disorders. As such, beta-thalassemia, sickle cell anemia, FVL mutation of globin and the factor V genes are good candidates for DNA studies in ancient populations. These mutations are common in Anatolia, host to many civilizations since the Paleolithic period. This history makes Anatolia a good place for conducting research that could enhance our understanding of human evolution and migration patterns.

show abstract

“…The mutation rate in the mitochondrial genome is high (approximately 100 times more than the nuclear genome). The recombination rate in mtDNA is lower than that of the nuclear genome [10][11][12][13][14][15] (Figure 1).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Genetic Analysis and Genealogy of Ancient Bone Samples

et al. 2018

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Introduction Genes form the fundamental identity of all living beings and, along with environmental influences, determine all their traits. Hence, genetics has been widely used in areas such as medicine, pharmacy, animal husbandry, agriculture, anthropology, and identification. Genetics can be used for kinship analysis, identification of individuals, and determination of the genetic lineage and genealogy of a human. 1-3 Genetic maps are a key component and essential tool needed in molecular anthropology plans in the future. Perhaps one of the most important applications of DNA markers is the preparation of genetic maps that can determine the gene and chromosome position of the genes determining desired traits (sequencing and spacing of genes and markers on chromosomes). 3-5 Overall, any trait that varies from one person to another is caused by a difference in DNA chromosomal sequences that is passed down to children. Even traits that appear differently under the influence of environmental conditions (inter-individual differences under the same environmental conditions) reflect differences in DNA sequences. These differences can be employed as genetic markers. Specific similarities in genetic structures provide the ability to identify haplogroups of different groups of people in the phylogenetic tree or their geographic origin, estimate common ancestors, and identify when the genes entered the population. In terms of paternal genetics (Y-chromosome) or maternal genetics (mitochondrial DNA), innovation of genetic mapping is important in tracing migratory patterns, human habitats, the formation of contemporary populations, and their progress over time. 5-10 Mitochondrial DNA Markers Mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) consists of 37 genes that code 13 proteins, 22 tRNAs, and 2 rRNAs. Its 28 genes are coded by the heavy strand and 9 other genes by the light strand.

show abstract

Factor V Leiden in an Urartian, Dating Back to 1000 BC

Cited by 10 publications

References 28 publications

Factor V Leiden distribution – could it shed some light on the pre-history of Europe and the Near East?

Factor V Leiden distribution – could it shed some light on the pre-history of Europe and the Near East?

Untitled

Genetic Analysis and Genealogy of Ancient Bone Samples

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About