Factor Structure of Wechsler Intelligence Scale for Children - Third Edition (WISC – III) among Gifted Students in the Sudan

Attallah, Salah Edin Farah; Ahmed, Khalil Y.; Meisenberg, Gerhard

doi:10.46469/mq.2014.55.1.11

Cited by 4 publications

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“…A skeptic of g could postulate that our results are a statistical artifact of the decisions we used to conduct a factor analysis. Some data sets in our study had been subjected to EFA in the past, and the results often differed from ours (Attallah et al, 2014; Bulatao & Reyes-Juan, 1968; Church, Katigbak, & Almario-Velazco, 1985; Conant et al, 1999; Dasen, 1984; Dawson, 1967b; Elwan, 1996; Guthrie, 1963; Humble & Dixon, 2017; Irvine, 1964; Kearney, 1966; Lean & Clements, 1981; McFie, 1961; Miezah, 2015; Orbell, 1981; Rasheed et al, 2017; Ruffieux et al, 2010; Sen, Jensen, Sen, & Arora, 1983; Sukhatunga et al, 2002; van den Briel et al, 2000; Warburton, 1951). In response, we wish to emphasize that we chose procedures a priori that are modern methods accepted among experts in factor analysis (e.g., Fabrigar et al, 1999; Larsen & Warne, 2010; Thompson, 2004; Warne & Larsen, 2014).…”

Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 58%

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Spearman’s g found in 31 non-Western nations: Strong evidence that g is a universal phenomenon.

Warne

Burningham

2019

Psychological Bulletin

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Spearman's g is the name for the shared variance across a set of intercorrelating cognitive tasks. For some-but not all-theorists, g is defined as general intelligence. While g is robustly observed in Western populations, it is questionable whether g is manifested in cognitive data from other cultural groups. To test whether g is a cross-cultural phenomenon, we searched for correlation matrices or data files containing cognitive variables collected from individuals in non-Western, nonindustrialized nations. We subjected these data to exploratory factor analysis (EFA) using promax rotation and 2 modern methods of selecting the number of factors. Samples that produced more than 1 factor were then subjected to a second-order EFA using the same procedures and a Schmid-Leiman solution. Across 97 samples from 31 countries totaling 52,340 individuals, we found that a single factor emerged unambiguously from 71 samples (73.2%) and that 23 of the remaining 26 samples (88.5%) produced a single second-order factor. The first factor in the initial EFA explained an average of 45.9% of observed variable variance (SD ϭ 12.9%), which is similar to what is seen in Western samples. One sample that produced multiple second-order factors only did so with 1 method of selecting the number of factors in the initial EFA; the alternate method of selecting the number of factors produced a single higher-order factor. Factor extraction in a higher-order EFA was not possible in 2 samples. These results show that g appears in many cultures and is likely a universal phenomenon in humans. Public Significance StatementThis study shows that one conceptualization of intelligence-called Spearman's g-is present in over 90 samples from 31 non-Western, nonindustrialized nations. This means that intelligence is likely a universal trait in humans. Therefore, it is theoretically possible to conduct cross-cultural research on intelligence, though culturally appropriate tests are necessary for any such research.

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Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 58%

“…The average first factor explained 45.9% of variance ( SD = 12.9%), with a median of 44.4%. The weakest first factor accounted for 18.3% of variance (Attallah, Ahmed, & Meisenberg, 2014), while the strongest first factor accounted for 86.3% of observed variable variance (Rehna & Hanif, 2017).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%