Factor Structure of the Psychopathic Personality Inventory: Validity and Implications for Clinical Assessment.

Benning, Stephen D.; Patrick, Christopher J.; Hicks, Brian M.; Blonigen, Daniel M.; Krueger, Robert F.

doi:10.1037/1040-3590.15.3.340

Cited by 578 publications

(884 citation statements)

References 58 publications

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“…For example, McHoskey, Worzel, and Szyarto (1998) demonstrated cooperative suppressor effects between the primary and secondary psychopathy scales of the LSRP (conceptually similar to PCL-R F1 and F2 and correlated with one another at .50 to .60) in the prediction of several measures of NEM across three studies with undergraduate samples. Using the PPI or MPQ-estimated PPI scores, Benning and colleagues (Benning, Patrick, Blonigen, Hicks, & Iacono, 2005;Benning, Patrick, Hicks, Blonigen, & Krueger, 2003) demonstrated phenotypic links consistent with the present study between factors of the PPI that correspond to PCL-R F1 and F2 and several measures of NEM in both community and incarcerated samples (however, the orthogonal structure of the PPI factors precluded suppressor effects). Additionally, Blonigen, Hicks, Krueger, Patrick, & Iacono (2005) extended these links to the genetic level using DSM-IV symptoms of depression and anxiety disorders and MPQ-estimated PPI scores in a large community twin sample.…”

Section: Theoretical Implications For Psychopathysupporting

confidence: 87%

Psychopathy and negative emotionality: Analyses of suppressor effects reveal distinct relations with emotional distress, fearfulness, and anger-hostility.

Hicks¹,

Patrick²

2006

Journal of Abnormal Psychology

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Low negative emotionality (NEM) holds a central place in classic descriptions and seminal theories of psychopathy. However, the empirical link between low NEM and psychopathy is weak. The authors posited that this inconsistency is due to the multifaceted nature of both the NEM and psychopathy constructs and to suppressor effects between facets of psychopathy in relation to NEM criteria. The authors sought to delineate the differential associations between facets of psychopathy and NEM in a large sample of male prisoners using the Psychopathy Checklist-Revised (PCL-R; R. D. Hare, 2003) and self-report measures assessing different aspects of NEM. Statistical analyses revealed that the interpersonal-affective facet of psychopathy is negatively associated whereas the social deviance facet of psychopathy is positively associated with facets of NEM. The results demonstrate that suppressor effects can reconcile the centrality of NEM in classic descriptions of psychopathy with empirical investigations using the PCL-R. Keywordspsychopathy; negative affect; suppressor effects; Psychopathy Checklist-Revised Explicating the relationship between psychopathy and negative emotionality (NEM; the tendency to experience unpleasant emotional states such as fear, anger, and nervous tension) has been one of the most challenging and conceptually important issues in psychopathy research. Although low anxiety and fearlessness have featured prominently in many clinical descriptions and theories of psychopathy (Cleckley, 1941;Fowles, 1980;Karpman, 1948;Lykken, 1995; Patrick, in press), empirical investigations often yield weak, inconsistent, or complex effects, creating confusion regarding the etiological significance of low NEM in psychopathy (cf. Hare, 2003). We contend that these difficulties are due to (a) the multifaceted nature of both the NEM and psychopathy constructs, such that different facets of NEM have differential associations with the facets of psychopathy, and (b) the presence of suppressor effects between the factor scores of the Psychopathy Checklist-Revised (PCL-R; Hare, 1991Hare, , 2003 in relation to NEM criterion measures.We provide a comprehensive analysis of the relationship between facets of psychopathy as operationalized by PCL-R factor scores and several facets of NEM. In particular, we provide a systematic examination of the suppressor effects present between the PCL-R factor scores in the prediction of NEM outcomes. We demonstrate that suppression provides the analytic and conceptual framework needed to reconcile the centrality of NEM in clinical descriptions NIH-PA Author ManuscriptNIH-PA Author Manuscript NIH-PA Author Manuscript of psychopathy with empirical investigations that use the PCL-R. Specifically, we demonstrate that PCL-R Factor 1 (F1) and Factor 2 (F2) exhibit mutually repulsive effects in the prediction of facets of NEM, wherein F1 is negatively associated with emotional distress (a similar but broader construct than trait anxiety) and fearfulness and is unrelated to anger-hostility, w...

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Section: Theoretical Implications For Psychopathysupporting

confidence: 87%

Psychopathy and negative emotionality: Analyses of suppressor effects reveal distinct relations with emotional distress, fearfulness, and anger-hostility.

Hicks¹,

Patrick²

2006

Journal of Abnormal Psychology

Self Cite

256

253

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“…However, there remain significant differences between the PCL-R and PCS such as the latter scale's inclusion of items assessing substance use. Nevertheless, it is interesting to note that a similar two-factor structure has been reported for other self-report measures such as the Psychopathic Personality Inventory (PPI; Benning, Patrick, Hicks, Blonigen, & Krueger, 2003;Lilienfeld & Andrews, 1996), as well as the Antisocial Process Screening Device (APSD; Frick & Hare, 2001) with interpersonal and affective traits loading on one factor (i.e., PPI fearless dominance; APSD callous-unemotional) and behavioral features on the other (i.e., PPI impulsive antisociality; APSD impulsivity-conduct problems).…”

Section: Concurrent Validity Analysessupporting

confidence: 55%

Structural Validity of the MACI Psychopathy and Narcissism Scales: Evidence of Multidimensionality and Implications for Use in Research and Screening

Penney

Moretti

Silva

2008

Journal of Clinical Child & Adolescent Psychology

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This study investigated the psychometric properties and predictive validity of three self-report scales (the Psychopathy Content Scale, the Psychopathy-16 scale, and the Egotistic scale) derived from the Millon Adolescent Clinical Inventory (MACI) to screen for the presence of psychopathic and narcissistic personality characteristics. Exploratory and confirmatory factor analyses were performed in a sample of 173 clinic-referred adolescents (ages 12-17), results from which suggested that these scales are multidimensional in nature. The Psychopathy Content Scale was best captured by a two-factor structure, with personality-based items loading on one factor and antisocial=impulsive behaviors loading on the second. The most parsimonious solution for the Psychopathy-16 scale was a three-factor model, characterized by callous and egocentric features on the first two factors and antisocial behaviors on the third. The Egotistic scale of the MACI was best represented by three factors, depicting features of self-confidence, exhibitionistic tendencies, and social conceit, respectively. Regression analyses supported the multidimensionality of these scales by showing divergent patterns of association with violent and nonviolent outcomes among the factors that composed the scales.

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“…For example, the affective-interpersonal facet is negatively related to fear and anxiety (Benning, Patrick, Bloningen, Hicks & Iacono, 2005;Benning, Patrick, Hicks, Bloningen, & Krueger, 2003;Patrick et al, 1993), whereas the behavioral-lifestyle facet shows positive correlations with anxiety and depression (Benning et al, 2003;. The dual-deficit model of psychopathy (Fowles & Dindo, 2006;Fowles & Dindo, 2009) explains these findings by the notion that two distinct dispositions in childhood may lead to the same psychopathic phenotype in adulthood.…”

Section: Psychopathymentioning

confidence: 99%

Examining psychopathy from an attachment perspective: the role of fear of rejection and abandonment

Conradi

Boertien

Cavus

et al. 2015

The Journal of Forensic Psychiatry & Psychology

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(144 words)A key feature of psychopathy, a self-centered orientation towards others and a failure to truly connect, is poorly understood. The attachment framework can be used to examine underlying interpersonal mechanisms. Because of the overall failure to connect we anticipated, and found, in a large undergraduate sample (n=1,074), that both affective-interpersonal traits and impulsiveirresponsible psychopathy facets were positively related to attachment avoidance. Different dynamics may underlie this distancing from others, as evidenced by the fact that callousunemotionality was negatively related to attachment anxiety, whereas grandiose-manipulative and impulsive-irresponsible traits were positively related to attachment anxiety. Although effect sizes were small and are of correlational nature, our results are in line with a dual deficit model that differential developmental trajectories, largely heritable callousness versus neglecting and abusive parenting, may lead to adult psychopathy. The differentiating role of fear of rejection and abandonment for the psychopathy construct is discussed. 3-6

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Factor Structure of the Psychopathic Personality Inventory: Validity and Implications for Clinical Assessment.

Cited by 578 publications

References 58 publications

Psychopathy and negative emotionality: Analyses of suppressor effects reveal distinct relations with emotional distress, fearfulness, and anger-hostility.

Psychopathy and negative emotionality: Analyses of suppressor effects reveal distinct relations with emotional distress, fearfulness, and anger-hostility.

Structural Validity of the MACI Psychopathy and Narcissism Scales: Evidence of Multidimensionality and Implications for Use in Research and Screening

Examining psychopathy from an attachment perspective: the role of fear of rejection and abandonment

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