Factor structure and validity of paper-and-pencil measures of mental speed: Evidence for a higher-order model?

Placing inspection time, reaction time, and perceptual speed in the broader context of cognitive ability: The VPR model in the Lothian Birth Cohort 1936

“…Subsequent attempts to locate ECT performance within Gf-Gc theory have thus made use of tests beyond the WAIS-R. For example, Burns and Nettelbeck (2003) found that the decision component of RT loaded on Gf, but IT loaded on Gs. But Danthiir et al (2005) found a general factor of mental speed that correlated .54 with Gf, and Roberts and Stankov (1999) reached a similar conclusion. Wilhelm and Schulze (2002) pointed out one of the reasons that such discrepancies were likely to arise: reasoning tasks administered on timed bases were more strongly correlated with mental speed that were reasoning tasks administered on untimed bases, yet O'Connor and found that IT was not related to Gs when Gv was taken into consideration.…”

“…One very comprehensive one that did (Roberts & Stankov, 1999) showed that information processing speed tasks can define second-order factors contributing to a general information processing speed factor that is independent of cognitive ability factors defined by tasks that generate only accuracy scores. This was effectively replicated by Danthiir, Wilhelm, Schulze, and Roberts (2005), with the exception that the speed and other cognitive ability factors were correlated, as some of the other cognitive ability tasks involved speed as well as accuracy. The presence of general speed factors suggests that ECT's are correlated and measure at some level the same general latent construct, and it contributed to a developing understanding that no one measure of information processing speed could be singularly fundamental to understanding general intelligence.…”

Relationship Between the Big-Five Personality Dimensions and Speed of Information Processing Among Adolescents

“…The test's discriminability is high because: (1) on average 46 per cent of the target words was crossed out (which is somewhat of a test facility index); (2) variability of the results is considerable (SD=15.24; min=59, max=148); (3) distribution of the results is normal (Kolmogo- rov-Smirnov z=1,119; p=0,164). Content validity is high due to a strong similarity between KS2-2 and pattern recognition perceptual speed measures (Ackerman & Cianciolo, 2000;Danthiir et al, 2005b).…”

“…If we regard SIP test results as a score in one category of IQ tests, then the model predicts a low positive correlation with Extraversion and a low negative correlation with Neuroticism. If we regard SIP as a significant determinant of primarily 1 Gf (Danthiir et al, 2005b;Sheppard & Vernon, 2008), then the model predicts its low negative correlation with Conscientiousness.…”

How Much Power and Speed Is Measured in This Test?

“…To measure speed of information processing, so-called elementary cognitive tests (ECTs) are used (e.g., Neubauer & Bucik, 1996). Although it is accepted that speed does play a role in the process of intelligence, views still differ on its nature (Danthiir, Wilhelm, Schulze, & Roberts, 2005;Stankov & Roberts, 1997). In a review of 50 years of research and 172 studies in that period, Sheppard and Vernon (2007) came to the conclusion that the correlation between speed (as measured through ECTs) and intelligence is in the range of 0.30 --0.40.…”