Factor-analytic study of the Yale Global Tic Severity Scale

Storch, Eric A.; Murphy, Tanya K.; Fernandez, Melanie A.; Krishnan, M.; Geffken, Gary R.; Kellgren, Ashley R.; Goodman, Wayne K.

doi:10.1016/j.psychres.2006.03.017

Cited by 59 publications

(33 citation statements)

References 12 publications

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“…[19][20][21][22] The results of these studies suggest that impairment associated with combined motor and vocal tics appears to be greater than with chronic motor tics alone, and supports the distinction of TD from CMVTD. Some studies have identified factors for simple tics and complex motor and vocal tics.…”

Section: Is There a Need For A Clinical Severity Specifier?supporting

confidence: 53%

“…Specifically, factor analytic studies consistently identify motor and vocal tics as independent factors. [19][20][21][22] Epidemiological studies suggest that co-morbidity rates differ based on the presence chronic motor or chronic vocal tics. The presence of chronic vocal tics is associated with higher rates of co-morbidity than chronic motor tics (58% vs. 12%) as well as specifically higher rates of ADHD (33% vs. 12%) and OCD (8% vs. 0%).…”

Section: Search Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…[30] As noted above, factor analytic studies of TD suggest the presence of vocalizations, especially complex vocalizations, to be an important phenotypic distinction to maintain. [19][20][21][22]31,32] In addition, comorbidity patterns may differ between TD and CMVTD. [33] Collapsing these diagnostic categories may therefore lead to important loss of information, and adversely impact assessment and treatment.…”

Section: Search Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Tic disorders: some key issues for DSM-V

Walkup

Ferrão

Leckman³

et al. 2010

Depress. Anxiety

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This study provides a focused review of issues that are relevant to the nosology of the tic disorders and presents preliminary recommendations to be considered for DSM-V. The recommended changes are designed to clarify and simplify the diagnostic criteria, reduce the use of the residual category, tic disorder not otherwise specified, and are not intended to alter substantially clinical practice or the continuity of past and future research. Specific recommendations include: (1) a more precise definition of motor and vocal tics; (2) simplification of the duration criterion for the tic disorders; (3) revising the term "transient tic disorder" for those with tic symptoms of less than 12-month duration; (4) establishing new tic disorder categories for those with substance induced tic disorder and tic disorder due to a general medical condition; and (5) including a motor tic only and vocal tic only specifier for the chronic motor or vocal tic disorder category.

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Section: Is There a Need For A Clinical Severity Specifier?supporting

confidence: 53%

Section: Search Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Search Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Tic disorders: some key issues for DSM-V

Walkup

Ferrão

Leckman³

et al. 2010

Depress. Anxiety

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“…A childhood and adolescent sample confirmed this scale's excellent psychometric properties, particularly its internal consistency and validity [95]. A factor analytic study also confirmed and validated the structure that was initially identified [96,97]. Cutoff scores for clinically relevant treatment response have been proposed: a reduction by 35% in total YGTSS scores or 6 or 7 points in the tic severity subscale [98].…”

Section: Key Evaluation Issuesmentioning

confidence: 57%

“…Fourteen scales have been assessed for tic evaluation [11,28,29,34,40,45,47,49,50,70,[83][84][85]96,97,110,114] (Table 7), and twelve of them, the Global Tics Rating Scale (GTRS), the Hopkins Motor and Vocal Tic Scale (HMVTS), the Motor Tic, Obsessions and Compulsions, Vocal Tic Evaluation Survey (MOVES), the Premonitory Urge for Tics Scale (PUTS), the Shapiro Tourette Syndrome Severity Scale (STSSS), the Tourette's Disorder Scale (TODS), the Tourette Syndrome-Clinical Global Impression (TS-CGI), the Tourette Syndrome Global Scale (TSGS), the Unified Tic Rating Scale (UTRS), the Gilles de la Tourette Syndrome Quality of Life (GTS-QoL) scale, the Yale Global Tic Severity Scale (YGTSS) and the Diagnostic Confidence Index (DCI), reached the recommendation status [12] (Table 8). We describe below only the rating scales used in the evaluation of motor tics, whereas the GTS-QoL [11] and the DCI [80] focus on health-related quality of life and clinician's confidence in the diagnosis of Tourette syndrome, respectively.…”

Section: Ticsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Scales for hyperkinetic disorders: A systematic review

Pietracupa

Bruno

Cavanna

et al. 2015

Journal of the Neurological Sciences

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Hyperkinetic movement disorders represent a heterogeneous group of disorders in which involuntary movements are the prevalent clinical symptoms. The five main categories of hyperkinetic disorders are tremor, dystonia, tics,myoclonus and drug-induced dyskinesia.The severity of hyperkinetic disorders is assessed by all clinicians when they examine a patient; quantifying the severity also provides a means of studying the natural history of a given disorder and the possible effect of new therapeutic interventions. This means that good rating instruments are required in both everyday practice and experimental settings. Unfortunately, the clinical evaluation of these disorders is complicated by the inherent nature and variability over time of involuntary movements. A number of scales have been proposed over the years to study the various hyperkinetic disorders. The aim of this review is to systematically identify all the clinical scales that have been proposed and to classify them according to the criteria developed by the Movement Disorder Society (MDS) task force for rating scales in Parkinson's disease.On the basis of this methodology, a scale may be defined as 'Recommended', 'Suggested' or 'Listed' in decreasing order of value.We found that, although numerous scales aimed at assessing hyperkinetic disorders have been published, their variability in terms of clinimetric properties, availability and effort required to administer them is high. In this evaluation, we identified scales defined as 'Recommended' for the assessment of all forms of hyperkinetic disorders. The situation highlighted by our analysis varies considerably, with several 'Recommended' scales being available for some conditions such as tics or dystonia, but only one being available for myoclonus. This gap needs to be filled by the scientific community through both the development of new clinical tools and there finement of existing ones.

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A Trial of Scheduled Deep Brain Stimulation for Tourette Syndrome

Okun¹,

Foote²,

Wu³

et al. 2013

JAMA Neurol

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To collect the information necessary to design the methods and outcome variables for a larger trial of scheduled deep brain stimulation (DBS) for Tourette syndrome. Design: We performed a small National Institutes of Health-sponsored clinical trials planning study of the safety and preliminary efficacy of implanted DBS in the bilateral centromedian thalamic region. The study used a cranially contained constant-current device and a scheduled, rather than the classic continuous, DBS paradigm. Baseline vs 6-month outcomes were collected and analyzed. In addition, we compared acute scheduled vs acute continuous vs off DBS. Setting: A university movement disorders center. Patients: Five patients with implanted DBS. Main Outcome Measure: A 50% improvement in the Yale Global Tic Severity Scale (YGTSS) total score. Results: Participating subjects had a mean age of 34.4 (range, 28-39) years and a mean disease duration of 28.8 years. No significant adverse events or hardware-related issues occurred. Baseline vs 6-month data revealed that reductions in the YGTSS total score did not achieve the prestudy criterion of a 50% improvement in the YGTSS total score on scheduled stimulation settings. However, statistically significant improvements were observed in the YGTSS total score (mean [SD] change, −17.8 [9.4]; P=.01), impairment score (−11.3 [5.0]; P=.007), and motor score (−2.8 [2.2]; P=.045); the Modified Rush Tic Rating Scale Score total score (−5.8 [2.9]; P =.01); and the phonic tic severity score (−2.2 [2.6]; P=.04). Continuous, off, and scheduled stimulation conditions were assessed blindly in an acute experiment at 6 months after implantation. The scores in all 3 conditions showed a trend for improvement. Trends for improvement also occurred with continuous and scheduled conditions performing better than the off condition. Tic suppression was commonly seen at ventral (deep) contacts, and programming settings resulting in tic suppression were commonly associated with a subjective feeling of calmness. Conclusions: This study provides safety and proof of concept that a scheduled DBS approach could improve motor and vocal tics in Tourette syndrome. Refinements in neurostimulator battery life, outcome measure selection, and flexibility in programming settings can be used to enhance outcomes in a future larger study. Scheduled stimulation holds promise as a potential first step for shifting movement and neuropsychiatric disorders toward more responsive neuromodulation approaches.

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Factor-analytic study of the Yale Global Tic Severity Scale

Cited by 59 publications

References 12 publications

Tic disorders: some key issues for DSM-V

Tic disorders: some key issues for DSM-V

Scales for hyperkinetic disorders: A systematic review

A Trial of Scheduled Deep Brain Stimulation for Tourette Syndrome

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