Factor analysis study of the Hungarian translation of Wijma Delivery Expectancy/Experience Questionnaire (version A)

Validation of the Wijma delivery expectancy/experience questionnaire for pregnant women in Malawi: a descriptive, cross-sectional study

“…Therefore, our study confirms the multidimensionality of the Malawi W-DEQ version with a three-factor structure. Our findings are similar to previous studies that reported the W-DEQ to be multidimensional, and 33-item 1-factor structure to be of a very poor model fit [16,18,19]. Ten items were removed from the original scale to obtain an acceptable model fit.…”

“…In this study, we identified a 3-factor structure of childbirth fear which is consistent with findings in Western countries. Specifically, the fear factor of the W-DEQ comprised items of desertion, tenseness, fear, being frightened, and hopelessness, similar findings as reported in previous studies conducted in Italy [16], Hungary [19], and Norway [20]. The factor of negative appraisal which included items of a lack of pride, being relaxed, happiness, gladness, composure, and behaving badly, was also similar to factors identified by Italian [16], Australian [18], Hungarian [19], and Norwegian [20] studies.…”

“…Italian researchers identified a 14-item three-factor solution: fear, negative feelings, and lack of confidence [16]. Subsequent analysis in Australia and Hungary identified a four-factor solution: fear, isolation, lack of positive emotions, and moment of birth [18,19]. In Norway, a 25-item six-factor model was reported, including fear, negative appraisal, loneliness, lack of self-efficacy, lack of positive anticipation, and concerns for the child [20].…”

“…In Norway, a 25-item six-factor model was reported, including fear, negative appraisal, loneliness, lack of self-efficacy, lack of positive anticipation, and concerns for the child [20]. Despite the original W-DEQ being developed as a unidimensional instrument [1], evidence suggests that the scale is multidimensional [16,18,19]. Fear is a common factor experienced by pregnant women in different countries; however, the factor structure of the W-DEQ varies in different cultural contexts [13].…”

Fear of Childbirth in Chinese Pregnant Women and Their Preferred Mode of Delivery: Validation Study of the Chinese Version of Wijma Delivery Expectancy/experience Questionnaire Version A

“…Question 26 was excluded due to low factor loading, in order to achieve a satisfactory solution. This is one of the frequently removed items from the W-DEQ-A during factor analysis (38,39). Similar to prior studies, our translated version also demonstrates four dimensions (39,40).…”