Factor analyses of the Chinese Zarit Burden Interview among caregivers of patients with schizophrenia in a rural Chinese community

Tang, Bin; Yu, Yu; Liu, Ziwei; Lin, Mu; Chen, Yumei; Zhao, Mei; Xiao, Shuiyuan

doi:10.1136/bmjopen-2016-015621

Cited by 28 publications

(31 citation statements)

References 37 publications

(21 reference statements)

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“…The scoring cut‐off points are as follows: 0–20 indicates little or no burden, 21–40 indicates a mild to moderate burden, 41–60 indicates a moderate to severe burden and 61–88 indicates a severe burden (Lai 2007). The overall Internal Consistency Reliability (Cronbach's α) of the Chinese version of the ZBI was 0.88, and the results of the factor analysis supported a five‐factor structure (Tang et al 2017). In this study, the Cronbach's α of the scale was 0.90.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 85%

Family caregiver's burden and the social support for older patients undergoing peritoneal dialysis

Tao

Chow

Hai-fen

et al. 2020

Journal of Renal Care

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SUMMARY Background Most elderly people undergoing peritoneal dialysis (PD) treatment have a high incidence of frailty, cognitive impairment and emotional disturbance leading to a significant impact on families. The burden experienced by the family caregivers could affect their physical and emotion health. The objective of this study was to examine the level of burden on family caregivers of elderly adults receiving PD and to identify any contributing factors. Materials and Methods This was a cross‐sectional study employing convenience sampling. Patient–caregiver dyads were recruited from the outpatient clinic of a university hospital in China in 2019. Caregivers provided information on their perceived burden and health‐related quality of life. The elderly patients reported their functional dependence and depressive symptoms in the same interview. Linear regression analyses were used to determine the factors contributing to caregivers’ burden. Results Sixty patient–caregiver dyads were recruited. The patients had a mean age of 70.7 ± 7.4 years. The caregivers reported moderate levels of burden having ZBI score of 30.5 ± 15.9. Multivariate analyses showed that being female, perceiving one's financial status as insufficient, a low level of social support for the caregiver, depressive symptoms in the patients and disability in carrying out the instrumental activities of daily life were statistically significant predictors of caregiver burden (adjusted R2 = 0.46, p < 0.001). Conclusion Elderly adults receiving PD who experience physical dependence and depressive symptoms are a burden for caregivers. In response to this challenge, interventions designed with the goal of supporting the emotional and mental wellbeing of caregivers are warranted.

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 85%

Family caregiver's burden and the social support for older patients undergoing peritoneal dialysis

Tao

Chow

Hai-fen

et al. 2020

Journal of Renal Care

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“…The ZBI consists of 22 items scored on a 5-point Likert scale from 0 (never) to 4 (nearly always), except for the final item on global burden, rated from 0 (not at all) to 4 (extremely). The total score ranges from 0 to 88 with higher scores indicating higher perceived burden [42,43]. The ZBI was first translated into Chinese by Lu et al [44] in 2009 and proved to be a reliable and valid measure of subjective caregiver burden.…”

Section: Subjective Burdenmentioning

confidence: 99%

A cross-sectional study on spouse and parent differences in caregiving experiences of people living with schizophrenia in rural China

et al. 2020

BMC Psychiatry

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Background: Conflicting evidence exists on whether parent or spouse caregivers experience better outcomes when caring for family members with schizophrenia. The current study aims to examine relative caregiving experiences and impacts of spouse and parent caregivers for people living with schizophrenia (PLS) in China. Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted in a sample of 264 community-dwelling primary family caregivers of PLS. Face-to-face interviews were conducted to collect information on family caregiving activities; negative caregiving impacts including objective and subjective burden, and caregiver psychological distress such as depression and anxiety; positive caregiving impacts including caregiving rewarding feelings, and family functioning for spouse and parent caregivers. Results: Both types of caregivers report engaging in similar caregiving activities and report comparable levels of objective burden. However, parent caregivers report significantly higher subjective burden than spouse caregivers (b = 7.94, 95%CI:2.08, 13.80, P < 0.01), which is also reflected in significantly higher depression (b = 3.88, 95%CI:1.35, 6.41, P < 0.01) and anxiety (b = 2.53, 95%CI: 0.22, 4.84, P < 0.05), and lower family functioning (b = − 1.71, 95%CI: − 2.73, − 0.49, P < 0.01). Despite these differences, both groups of caregivers report comparable rewarding feelings about caregiving. Conclusions: Our findings have implications for family caregivers globally, but especially for countries that adhere to Confucian cultural values and provide guidance for future family intervention programs. Such programs may do well to incorporate cultural values and beliefs in understanding caregiving and kinship family dynamics so as to support family caregivers, and in particular, the specific vulnerabilities of parent caregivers.

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“…Understanding such burdens is important for the development of efficient interventions and the rationalization of health-care resource allocation [5]. Many instruments have been developed to assess the burden on caregivers of people experiencing schizophrenia [16]. Family caregiver burden is a global issue [17].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The burden, support and needs of primary family caregivers of people experiencing schizophrenia in Beijing communities: a qualitative study

Chen

Zhao

Tang³

et al. 2019

BMC Psychiatry

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Background Family caregivers play crucial roles in taking care of people experiencing schizophrenia in the community. The burdens on and needs of caregivers of these patients should be emphasized. This study aimed to explore the perspective of family caregivers of people experiencing schizophrenia in the communities of Beijing in terms of the burdens of care and the acquisition and further need for support in order to provide guidance to health care providers regarding how to target therapeutic interventions for families of individuals experiencing schizophrenia and to provide recommendations for policy makers to tailor countermeasures and services. Methods A total of 20 family caregivers of schizophrenia patients were enrolled in our study. A face-to-face and semi-structured in-depth qualitative interview study was conducted to explore the caregivers’ perspective on the burden on caregivers, support and further needs. This study was conducted in the community health service centres where the family caregivers regularly visit. The study was carried out according to good ethical practices, data analysis and reporting guidelines. Results Most participants reported that they were suffering from heavy life burdens and had negative experiences with respect to obtaining social support, and they emphasized that they would require more support. Economic and daily housework burdens, limited social communication, and psychological stresses were the principal burdens. Support including financial, medical and information and educational support did not satisfy the needs of the caregivers and their patients. More financial support, respect, and rehabilitation institutions were reported to be needs of the caregivers. Conclusions Family caregivers of people experiencing schizophrenia suffer from heavy physical and psychological burdens; however, the current support provided is insufficient. More services and better public attitudes should be considered for people experiencing schizophrenia and their caregivers.

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Factor analyses of the Chinese Zarit Burden Interview among caregivers of patients with schizophrenia in a rural Chinese community

Cited by 28 publications

References 37 publications

Family caregiver's burden and the social support for older patients undergoing peritoneal dialysis

Family caregiver's burden and the social support for older patients undergoing peritoneal dialysis

A cross-sectional study on spouse and parent differences in caregiving experiences of people living with schizophrenia in rural China

The burden, support and needs of primary family caregivers of people experiencing schizophrenia in Beijing communities: a qualitative study

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