Factor analyses of a social support scale using two methods

Yu, Yu; Shiu, Cheng Shi; Yang, Joyce P.; Wang, Mingjiong; Simoni, Jane M.; Chen, Wei Ti; Cheng, Joy; Zhao, Hongxin

doi:10.1007/s11136-014-0815-4

Cited by 17 publications

(19 citation statements)

References 34 publications

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“…Second, confirmatory factor analysis showed a very good fit for the bi-factorial model in comparison to the one-factor solution renderings support for the need of differentiation of both facets of social support. As summarized by [21], most of the studies using the MOS Social Support Survey show different factor structures depending on the chosen factor analytical approach. However, our findings based on a German population-based sample clearly indicate a two-factor structure regardless of the used methodological approach.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Emotional and tangible social support in a German population-based sample: Development and validation of the Brief Social Support Scale (BS6)

et al. 2017

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Aim of the study was the development and validation of the psychometric properties of a six-item bi-factorial instrument for the assessment of social support (emotional and tangible support) with a population-based sample. A cross-sectional data set of N = 15,010 participants enrolled in the Gutenberg Health Study (GHS) in 2007–2012 was divided in two sub-samples. The GHS is a population-based, prospective, observational single-center cohort study in the Rhein-Main-Region in western Mid-Germany. The first sub-sample was used for scale development by performing an exploratory factor analysis. In order to test construct validity, confirmatory factor analyses were run to compare the extracted bi-factorial model with the one-factor solution. Reliability of the scales was indicated by calculating internal consistency. External validity was tested by investigating demographic characteristics health behavior, and distress using analysis of variance, Spearman and Pearson correlation analysis, and logistic regression analysis. Based on an exploratory factor analysis, a set of six items was extracted representing two independent factors. The two-factor structure of the Brief Social Support Scale (BS6) was confirmed by the results of the confirmatory factor analyses. Fit indices of the bi-factorial model were good and better compared to the one-factor solution. External validity was demonstrated for the BS6. The BS6 is a reliable and valid short scale that can be applied in social surveys due to its brevity to assess emotional and practical dimensions of social support.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Most analyses identified the two dimensions of emotional-informational and tangible support [19–21]. There is some evidence that the distinction of both facets, emotional-informational and tangible support, are crucial [1, 22, 23], as affective support and material assistance can be provided by different environmental resources.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Emotional and tangible social support in a German population-based sample: Development and validation of the Brief Social Support Scale (BS6)

et al. 2017

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“…The fact that MHKQ is developed and used only in China makes it difficult to compare the psychometric properties of the Chinese version of MHKQ with scales used in populations outside China, since psychometric testing is also sample dependent. 43 Future research may benefit from applying the English version of the MHKQ together with other scales in the same study to compare its feasibility and psychometric properties.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Assessment of mental health literacy using a multifaceted measure among a Chinese rural population

Liu

et al. 2015

BMJ Open

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ObjectivesThe present study aims to assess mental health literacy (MHL) using a standardised multifaceted 20-item instrument called Mental Health Knowledge Questionnaire (MHKQ) developed by the Chinese Ministry of Health, among a rural Chinese population.SettingFour villages in Liuyang county of Hunan province, China.ParticipantsThis was a cross-sectional study. A multistage cluster-sampling method was adopted, leading to a final sampling frame of 2377 residents aged 18–60 years from four villages of Liuyang county. Included in the study were residents aged 18–60 years living in their village for at least half a year; excluded were those not living in the areas during the research period, those with difficulty in communication due to serious physical or mental illness and those who were cognitively impaired or actively psychotic. Finally, 2052 participants completed the survey.Primary and secondary outcome measuresPrimary outcome was correct response rate of the MHKQ; secondary outcome measures were association between sociodemographics and MHL, and association between MHL and health outcomes.ResultsCorrect response rates for the 20 MHKQ items ranged from 19% to 94%, with a mean rate of 58%. Younger age (r=−0.02, p<0.01), higher education (r: 1.38–2.69, p<0.01) and higher income (r=0.41, p<0.01), were independently associated with higher MHL. MHL was independently associated with self-rated general health (r=2.31, p<0.01), depression (r=−0.09, p<0.01) and anxiety (r=−0.07, p<0.05).ConclusionsMHL in the rural areas of Liuyang is lower than that reported in urban areas of China. There is much room for improvement with regard to MHL promotion in rural areas of China. Younger age, higher education and higher income are the three robust factors related to higher MHL, so cohort-specific educational intervention efforts may be indicated.

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“…Our data demonstrate that parents are distressed and concerned about the topic of parental disclosure given the cultural context of stigma and strong family values, and need support in going through the process of thinking about disclosure to children. Furthermore, given parents’ real and legitimate concerns about the possible negative consequences of parental disclosure (e.g., increased psychological burden on the children and fear of rejection from the community if the child cannot keep the parent’s HIV status a secret) [25–27], HIV-positive Chinese parents are in need of culturally competent and relevant support in navigating this process. Specifically, parents need support that does not merely encourage disclosure (as is the often the case in other cultural contexts, such as the United States [5]), but acknowledges parents’ serious concerns.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Mixed-Methods Study Supporting a Model of Chinese Parental HIV Disclosure

et al. 2015

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Parents who are HIV-positive confront difficult decisions regarding whether, when, and how to disclose their HIV status to their children. In China, a setting of acute HIV stigma where family harmony is culturally valued, limited research has been conducted on parental disclosure. We aimed to develop a model of parental disclosure that accounts for the cultural context in China based on a mixed-methods study. In our individual, in-depth interviews (N = 24) as well as survey data (N = 84) collected from parents living with HIV in Shanghai and Beijing, we found the primary barriers to disclosure were stigma, fear of exposing the mode by which they acquired HIV, psychologically burdening the child, rejection by the child, and negative social consequences for the family. Parents concurrently cited many motivations for disclosure, such as disease progression, ensuring safety of the child, gaining assistance, and fulfilling their parental responsibility. Most parents had not actively disclosed their HIV status (68 %); many parents reported some form of partial disclosure (e.g., sharing they have a blood disease but not labeling it HIV), unplanned disclosure, or unintentional disclosure to their children by other people. Findings informed the development of a Chinese Parental HIV Disclosure Model, with primary components accounting for distal cultural factors, decision-making (balancing approach and avoid motivations), the disclosure event, and outcomes resulting from the disclosure. This model highlights the cultural context of the Chinese parental disclosure process, and may be useful in guiding future observational research and intervention work.

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Factor analyses of a social support scale using two methods

Cited by 17 publications

References 34 publications

Emotional and tangible social support in a German population-based sample: Development and validation of the Brief Social Support Scale (BS6)

Emotional and tangible social support in a German population-based sample: Development and validation of the Brief Social Support Scale (BS6)

Assessment of mental health literacy using a multifaceted measure among a Chinese rural population

A Mixed-Methods Study Supporting a Model of Chinese Parental HIV Disclosure

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