FACT - Highlights from more than Seven Years of Unbiased Monitoring at TeV Energies

Dorner, D.; Arbet-Engels, Axel; Baack, Dominik; Balbo, Matteo; Beck, Max; Biland, A.; Blank, Michael B.; Bretz, T.; Bruegge, Kai; Bulinski, Michael; Buß, Jens; Doerr, Manuel; Elsäesser, D.; Hildebrand, D.; Iotov, Roman; Klinger, Marc; Mannheim, K.; Neise, Dominik; Mueller, S.; Neronov, A.; Noethe, Maximilian; Paravac, Aleksander; Rhode, W.; Schleicher, Bernd; Sedlaczek, Kevin; Shukla, Amit; Sliusar, Vitalii; Tani, L.; Theissen, Fabian; Walter, R.; Willert, Elan von

doi:10.22323/1.358.0665

Cited by 5 publications

(4 citation statements)

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“…Conventional PMTs limit the duty cycle of Cherenkov telescopes [22,23], because bright light, such as the moon and stars light, significantly accelerates their aging. On the contrary, SiPMs can extend their duty cycle [24,25] given their capability of working under strong light illumination without noticeable aging effect. In addition, SiPMs are insensitive to magnetic fields, which is important for movable telescopes like WFCTA.…”

Section: General Specificationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Construction and on-site performance of the LHAASO WFCTA camera

Aharonian¹,

An²,

Axikegu³

et al. 2021

Eur. Phys. J. C

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The focal plane camera is the core component of the Wide Field-of-view Cherenkov/fluorescence Telescope Array (WFCTA) of the Large High-Altitude Air Shower Observatory (LHAASO). Because of the capability of working under moonlight without aging, silicon photomultipliers (SiPM) have been proven to be not only an alternative but also an improvement to conventional photomultiplier tubes (PMT) in this application. Eighteen SiPM-based cameras with square light funnels have been built for WFCTA. The telescopes have collected more than 100 million cosmic ray events and preliminary results indicate that these cameras are capable of working under moonlight. The characteristics of the light funnels and SiPMs pose challenges (e.g. dynamic range, dark count rate, assembly techniques). In this paper, we present the design features, manufacturing techniques and performances of these cameras. Finally, the test facilities, the test methods and results of SiPMs in the cameras are reported here.

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Section: General Specificationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Construction and on-site performance of the LHAASO WFCTA camera

Aharonian¹,

An²,

Axikegu³

et al. 2021

Eur. Phys. J. C

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“…Thanks to the excellent performance stability of its silicon photomultiplier camera, FACT is an ideal monitoring instrument for bright TeV blazars. FACT continuously monitors 1ES 2344+51.4 and collected more than 1700 hr of observation time for this object after almost 8 years of operations [11].…”

Section: Observationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Studying the Extreme Behaviour of 1ES 2344+51.4

Arbet-Engels

Manganaro²,

Cerruti³

et al. 2019

Preprint

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“…Mrk 421 has been a known TeV -ray emitter since its detection by the Whipple telescope [3], and frequently shows enormous flux variations (see, e.g., [4]), exceeding a flux of 3 times the flux of the Crab Nebula at TeV energies (Crab Units, CU; see, e.g., [5], [6], [7]), as well as a correlation between optical and GeV emission [8] during flares. In addition, Aleksic et al (2015) found a correlation between TeV and X-ray emission during non-flaring emission states with zero time lag [9].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%