Facing to wireless network densification in 6G: Challenges and opportunities

Cho, Hewon; Mukherjee, Sudarshan; Kim, Dong–Sun; Noh, Taegyun; Lee, Jemin

doi:10.1016/j.icte.2022.10.001

Cited by 6 publications

(2 citation statements)

References 31 publications

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“…Most of the User Equipment (UE) and base stations in terrestrial communications transmit at low power and therefore the effects of the EMF effects to the human body are usually low [1]. However, one of the features of 5G-and-beyond and 6G mobile wireless generations is the massive device-to-device communications, which implies the massive densification of base stations or devices that will act as base stations, and therefore the increase of EMF exposure levels [2]. In addition, the use of higher frequency bands and beamforming (i.e., to concentrate all the beamforming gain in a narrower beam), is also a debate topic to investigate whether it is more dangerous for human health [3].…”

Section: A Framework and Motivationmentioning

confidence: 99%

EMF-Aware User Association Optimization in 5G Networks

Pardo,

Estrada-Jimenez,

Faye

2024

IEEE Access

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Exposure to Electromagnetic Fields (EMF) is one of the main concerns on current mobile wireless deployments, due to the use of active antenna systems and the increase of users connected simultaneously to these systems. In this paper, we evaluate the achievable rate resulting from simultaneous connections from multiple users, along with the signal-to-noise ratio (i.e., SNR), considering existing regulatory constraints on EMF, which is the subject of limitations in several countries. Our approach considers a random deployment of several base stations, according to a Poisson point process, and focuses on exploring the convexity of the achievable rate, as it will increase together with the number of antennas, and decrease with the overhead when a higher number of antennas is used. This article also studies the effects of the placement of new base stations on the overall EMF exposure, ensuring compliance with the current EMF limitations. Results show that due to the narrowness of the beam, the blockage can considerably affect the SNR received. Although several configurations are available from an operator perspective, some flexibility is allowed and the EMF exposure does not affect the average performance dramatically.

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Section: A Framework and Motivationmentioning

confidence: 99%

EMF-Aware User Association Optimization in 5G Networks

Pardo,

Estrada-Jimenez,

Faye

2024

IEEE Access

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“…I N response to the ever-increasing demand for high-speed data transmission, terahertz band (0.1-10 THz) communications have been widely investigated and constitute a very active area of research at the present time [1]- [3], being future ultra-dense 6G networks the current main driving force. As the number of deployed cells and connections grows exponentially, such dense networks will not rely exclusively on optical fibre for backhaul or fronthaul links [4]- [6], where the deployment of fibre may be cost-inefficient and inconvenient. In this sense, wireless connections at THz bands could satisfy the needs of the network, providing fast links (> 100 Gbps) and complementing the optical network where required [7], [8].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

180 Gbps Multi-Channel 300 GHz Communications Enabled by Photonically-Driven Low-Barrier Mixers

Belio-Apaolaza,

Martinez-Gil,

Tebart

et al. 2024

Preprint

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Wireless communications at 300 GHz are expected to play an important role in the deployment of 6G and beyond networks. Multiple electronic and photonic technologies compete in this regard, each bringing its own particular benefits. While purely optoelectronic links are interesting for incorporating photonic advantages in signal transmission and reception, electronic receivers typically based on Schottky mixers are far superior in conversion efficiency. Thus, the link signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) is improved, and higher throughput can be achieved. Here, we demonstrate a fully optoelectronic 300 GHz band multi-channel link using a novel low-barrier Schottky mixer driven with a photonically generated local oscillator (LO) signal in the receiver using a modified uni-travelling-carrier photodiode (MUTC-PD). This combines the efficient down-conversion of Schottky-based mixers and the advantages of photonic LO signals such as tuneability, remote generation and distribution, and the reuse of coherent technology used in fibre networks. Up to three frequency channels are generated in the transmitter which is also based on a MUTC-PD photomixer, achieving a maximum aggregated line rate of 180 Gbps over 1.5 m under SD-FEC limit using 16-QAM format and optical intensity modulation. To the best of the authors' knowledge, this is an unprecedented data rate for fully optoelectronic terahertz communications.

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