Facing the Inevitable: Plants and Increasing Atmospheric CO2

Bowes, George

doi:10.1146/annurev.pp.44.060193.001521

Cited by 555 publications

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“…Growth at high CO 2 is often accompanied by a downregulation of photosynthesis which is sometimes associated with a reduction in the nitrogen concentration of photosynthetic tissues (Stitt 1991;Arp & Berendse 1993;Bowes 1993). The decrease in nitrogen concentration in green leaf may relate to an increase in the proportion of plant nitrogen invested in root, as was shown for Xanthium occidentale Bertol.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 98%

“…That increase was attained without an increase in LAI at the higher rates of N availability, and without an increase in live above-ground carbon (Lutze & Gifford 1995, 1998. Little is known about the response of D. richardsonii to CO 2 or N when grown as an isolated plant, and many questions about isolated plant responses to CO 2 enrichment remain unanswered.Growth at high CO 2 is often accompanied by a downregulation of photosynthesis which is sometimes associated with a reduction in the nitrogen concentration of photosynthetic tissues (Stitt 1991;Arp & Berendse 1993;Bowes 1993). The decrease in nitrogen concentration in green leaf may relate to an increase in the proportion of plant nitrogen invested in root, as was shown for Xanthium occidentale Bertol.…”

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Acquisition and allocation of carbon and nitrogen by Danthonia richardsonii in response to restricted nitrogen supply and CO₂ enrichment

Lutze

Gifford

1998

Plant Cell & Environment

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Dry weight (DW) and nitrogen (N) accumulation and allocation were measured in isolated plants of Danthonia richardsonii (Wallaby Grass) for 37 d following seed imbibition. Plants were grown at ≈ 365 or 735 µL L -1 CO 2 with N supply of 0·05, 0·2 or 0·5 mg N plant -1 d -1 . Elevated CO 2 increased DW accumulation by 28% (low-N) to 103% (high-N), following an initial stimulation of relative growth rate. Net assimilation rate and leaf nitrogen productivity were increased by elevated CO 2 , while N concentration was reduced. N uptake per unit root surface area was unaffected by CO 2 enrichment. The ratio of leaf area to root surface area was decreased by CO 2 enrichment. Allometric analysis revealed a decrease in the shoot-N to root-N ratio at elevated CO 2 , while the shoot-DW to root-DW ratio was unchanged. Allometric analysis showed leaf area was reduced, while root surface area was unchanged by elevated CO 2 , indicating a down-regulation of total plant capacity for carbon gain rather than a stimulation of mineral nutrient acquisition capacity. Overall, growth in elevated CO 2 resulted in changes in plant morphology and nitrogen use, other than those associated simply with changing plant size and non-structural carbohydrate content.Key-words: allometry; climate change; grass; growth analysis; resource use. INTRODUCTIONDanthonia spp. (Wallaby Grasses) are widespread over South-eastern Australia (Moore 1970). Under elevated CO 2 , swards of the Australian native wallaby grass Danthonia richardsonii Cashmore were shown to increase plant-soil system carbon accumulation at three productivity-limiting levels of nitrogen availability. That increase was attained without an increase in LAI at the higher rates of N availability, and without an increase in live above-ground carbon (Lutze & Gifford 1995, 1998. Little is known about the response of D. richardsonii to CO 2 or N when grown as an isolated plant, and many questions about isolated plant responses to CO 2 enrichment remain unanswered.Growth at high CO 2 is often accompanied by a downregulation of photosynthesis which is sometimes associated with a reduction in the nitrogen concentration of photosynthetic tissues (Stitt 1991;Arp & Berendse 1993;Bowes 1993). The decrease in nitrogen concentration in green leaf may relate to an increase in the proportion of plant nitrogen invested in root, as was shown for Xanthium occidentale Bertol. (Hocking & Meyer 1985) and Pinus sp. seedlings (Griffin, Winner & Strain 1995). Little is known about how such changes may be associated with changes in plant morphology and function. Increases in root to plant weight ratio in response to high CO 2 are often reported when plants are nitrogen-or water-stressed (e.g. Stulen & den Hertog 1993). This may result in relatively more root surface area for the same plant mass, allowing a more thorough exploration of the soil for nutrient and water acquisition (Allen et al. 1992). Another indicator of the functional balance between root and leaf is the ratio of root length to leaf surface...

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 98%

mentioning

confidence: 98%

Acquisition and allocation of carbon and nitrogen by Danthonia richardsonii in response to restricted nitrogen supply and CO₂ enrichment

Lutze

Gifford

1998

Plant Cell & Environment

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“…The most immediate effects are at the biochemical and physiological level (Bowes, 1993). These effects may be integrated over longer time periods into changes in allocation of resources within the plant and, eventually, into plant fitness, population dynamics (Callaghan et al, 1992), and ultimately into the distribution of these plant communities.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of climatic gradients on the photosynthetic responses of four Phragmites australis populations

et al. 2001

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“…Menores taxas de CO 2 interno podem representar menor atividade da enzima Rubisco (ribulose 1,5 bifosfato), levando a menor eficiência fotossintética da planta (BOWES, 1993). Porém esse fato não foi observado no presente estudo, e confirma-se no estudo conduzido por Verlag et al (2001), estudando atividade fotossintética e da Rubisco em soja sobre condições de alta concentração de CO 2 e condições ambientes, onde encontrou-se variação.…”

Section: Discussõesunclassified

Crescimento e Trocas Gasosas no Período Vegetativo da Soja Inoculada com Bactérias Diazotróficas

Bulegon¹,

Guimarães²,

Egewarth³

et al. 2016

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RESUMO:Objetivou-se estudar o crescimento e as trocas gasosas em diferentes estádios fenológicos da soja no período vegetativo quando inoculada e/ou co-inoculada. O experimento foi conduzido em Marechal Cândido Rondon, Paraná, em condições de casa de vegetação. Os tratamentos foram: controle; inoculação de sementes com Bradyrhizobium japonicum; inoculação com Azospirillum brasilense; co-inoculação com B. japonicum via semente + A. brasilense via sulco e co-inoculação com B. japonicum via sulco + A. brasilense via semente. Avaliações foram realizadas nos estádios fenológicos V2; V4; V6 e V8, e as seguintes características foram determinadas, o número de nódulos, percentagem de nódulos viáveis, área foliar e massa seca de parte aérea, a taxa de assimilação líquida de CO 2 , transpiração, condutância estomática, concentração interna de CO 2, eficiência do uso da água, eficiência intrínseca do uso da água e eficiência de carboxilação. A inoculação ou co-inoculação com A. brasilense eleva a nodulação, a viabilidade, a área foliar e a massa seca de parte aérea, porém não interfere na atividade fotossintética e transpiratória da soja. Entretanto, o uso de A. brasilense torna a planta mais eficiente no uso do CO 2 , sendo notado que a nodulação ocasionada por B. japonicum causa um maior requerimento de CO 2 , durante os estádios iniciais. Palavras-chave: Glycine max, Bradyrhizobium japonicum, Azospirillum brasilense, co-inoculação.Growth and gas exchange in the vegetative period of soy inoculated with bacteria diazotrophic ABSTRACT: Aimed to study the growth and gas exchange at different growth stages of soybean in the growing season when inoculated and /or co-inoculated. The experiment was conducted in Marechal Cândido Rondon, Paraná, Brazil, under greenhouse conditions. The treatments were: control; inoculating seeds with Bradyrhizobium japonicum; inoculation with Azospirillum brasilense; co-inoculation with B. japonicum via seed + A. brasilense via groove and co-inoculation with B. japonicum via groove + A. brasilense via seed. Evaluations were performed at the phenological stages V2; V4; V6 and V8, and the following characteristics were determined, the number of nodules, percentage of viable nodules, leaf area and dry mass of shoots, net assimilation rate of CO 2 , transpiration, stomatal conductance, internal CO 2 concentration, efficiency water use, intrinsic efficiency of water use and carboxylation efficiency. Inoculation or co-inoculation with A. brasilense increases nodulation, viability, leaf area and shoot dry weight, but does not interfere with photosynthetic activity and soybean transpiration. However, the use of A. brasilense makes the plant more efficient in the use of CO 2 being noted that nodulation caused by B. japonicum causes a greater application of CO 2 during the initial stages.

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Facing the Inevitable: Plants and Increasing Atmospheric CO2

Cited by 555 publications

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Acquisition and allocation of carbon and nitrogen by Danthonia richardsonii in response to restricted nitrogen supply and CO₂ enrichment

Acquisition and allocation of carbon and nitrogen by Danthonia richardsonii in response to restricted nitrogen supply and CO₂ enrichment

Effect of climatic gradients on the photosynthetic responses of four Phragmites australis populations

Crescimento e Trocas Gasosas no Período Vegetativo da Soja Inoculada com Bactérias Diazotróficas

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Facing the Inevitable: Plants and Increasing Atmospheric CO2

Cited by 555 publications

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Acquisition and allocation of carbon and nitrogen by Danthonia richardsonii in response to restricted nitrogen supply and CO2 enrichment

Acquisition and allocation of carbon and nitrogen by Danthonia richardsonii in response to restricted nitrogen supply and CO2 enrichment

Effect of climatic gradients on the photosynthetic responses of four Phragmites australis populations

Crescimento e Trocas Gasosas no Período Vegetativo da Soja Inoculada com Bactérias Diazotróficas

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Acquisition and allocation of carbon and nitrogen by Danthonia richardsonii in response to restricted nitrogen supply and CO₂ enrichment

Acquisition and allocation of carbon and nitrogen by Danthonia richardsonii in response to restricted nitrogen supply and CO₂ enrichment