Facilitators and Repressors of Transcription‐coupled DNA Repair in Saccharomyces cerevisiae

Abstract

Nucleotide excision repair is a well-conserved DNA repair pathway that removes bulky and/or helix-distorting DNA lesions, such as UV-induced cyclobutane pyrimidine dimers and pyrimidine (6-4) pyrimidone photoproducts. Transcription-coupled repair (TCR) is a subpathway of nucleotide excision repair that is dedicated to rapid removal of DNA lesions in the transcribed strand of actively transcribed genes. In eukaryotic cells, TCR is triggered by RNA polymerase II (RNAP II). Rad26, a DNA-dependent ATPase, Rpb9, a nonessential subunit of RNAP II, and Sen1, a 5 0 to 3 0 RNA/DNA and DNA helicase, have been shown to facilitate TCR in Saccharomyces cerevisiae. In contrast, a number of factors have also been found to repress TCR in the yeast. These TCR repressors include Rpb4, another nonessential subunit of RNAP II, Spt4/5, a transcription elongation factor complex, and the RNAP II-associated factor 1 complex (PAFc). It appears that the eukaryotic TCR process involves intricate interplays of RNAP II with TCR facilitators and repressors. In this minireview, we summarize recent advances in TCR in S. cerevisiae.

Single-nucleotide resolution dynamic repair maps of UV damage in Saccharomyces cerevisiae genome

“…There have been numerous genetic, biochemical, and structural studies on repair of UV damage in yeast at the single-gene and structural levels (15,34,(39)(40)(41). A recent important study based on mapping T4 UV endonuclease incision at CPD sites followed by genome-wide mapping of the incision sites reported differential UV damage formation and inferred repair (19).…”

“…The core repair reaction is impacted by multiple factors in vivo, including chromatin structure, transcription, regulatory protein binding to DNA, and posttranscriptional modification of histones as well as DNA modification and compaction (12)(13)(14). Recently, a number of high-resolution methods have been employed to investigate the effects of these factors on nucleotide excision repair in vivo both at the single-gene level (15) and genome-wide (16)(17)(18)(19)(20)(21). These methods have measured in vivo repair either by determining the disappearance of damage from the genome (subtractive/indirect method) or by capturing and quantifying the excised oligonucleotides (direct method).…”

Genome-wide transcription-coupled repair in Escherichia coli is mediated by the Mfd translocase

“…The phenomenon was discovered first in mammalian cells (1, 2) and subsequently in Escherichia coli (3) and other organisms (4). In mammalian cells, it was discovered that TCR is dependent on the CSB protein, the CSA WD40 protein (5), and the mammalian nucleotide excision repair factors.…”

UVSSA, UBP12, and RDO2/TFIIS Contribute to Arabidopsis UV Tolerance

“…However, Drosophila also lack CSA and CSB homologs, and do not appear to perform TCR (Sekelsky, 2017). Yeast also lack UVSSA, although both S. cerevisiae and S. pombe have CSB homologs and perform TCR (Li and Li, 2017; Xu et al, 2017). Here we show that UVSSA is found throughout the plant kingdom, with conserved ENTH/VHS and DUF2043 domains.…”