Facilitation of Student Questioning in the Malaysian Secondary Science Classroom Using the Investigable Questioning Formulation Technique (IQFT) Protocol

Abstract

This study developed the Investigable Questioning Formulation Technique (IQFT) protocol to formulate investigable questions by following the procedures of design-based research. As guiding heuristics, the protocol used two provisional design principles based on teaching experience and previous studies that have applied tools for formulating questions, notably, the question formulation technique, SMART goals, and a typology of investigable and non-investigable questions. Two cycles comprising six lesson interventions were completed with two groups (n = 23, n = 25) of students in the same school in Malaysia. Questions were analyzed using qualitative content analysis and a question typology framework. Findings show the majority of students formulated comparison, exploratory, and validation of mental model questions. Some questions were posed in the prediction, descriptive, and problem-solving categories, but none were categorized as cause and effect, design and make, or pattern seeking. Implications for use of the IQFT protocol to help facilitate Malaysian students’ generation of investigable questions, design experiments, and implement open inquiry are discussed.

Integration Of Computational Thinking In Mathematics Learning In Senior Secondary Education From 2019-2023: Systematic Literature Review

“…Mathematical thinking is very important for everyone and must be trained from childhood to face and solve everyday problems [1][2][3] Because mathematical thinking is the best way of thinking to solve problems in the world today, mathematical thinking can control one's emotions when studying mathematics and solving problems [4] [5][6] [7]. This way of thinking helps people improve their ability to think critically, logically, and structured and improves their ability to solve problems [8][9] [10] To overcome problems and adapt to changes that occur in the era of globalization, changes in the Industrial Revolution 4.0 [11][12] [13].The world of education must be able to act quickly and precisely.…”