Facilitation of retrieval by d-amphetamine following anisomycin-induced amnesia

Quartermain, David; Altman, Harvey J.

doi:10.3758/bf03332952

Cited by 28 publications

(9 citation statements)

References 34 publications

(30 reference statements)

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“…This study supports the conclusions of previous experiments on reversal of drug-induced amnesias (e.g., Quartermain & Altman, 1982;Quartermain & Botwinick, 1975) that amphetamine can facilitate retention by its action on retrieval processes. Alterations in activity levels cannot account for the findings, and one of the earlier studies (Quartermain & Altman, 1982) showed that it is unlikely that amphetamineinduced enhancement of retention can be accounted for in terms of new learning based on fear or stress. The present findings, which demonstrate facilitated retention 1 month following training, can most plausibly be explained in terms of the effects of amphetamine on retrieval processes.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 91%

Retrieval enhancement in mice by pretest amphetamine injection after a long retention interval

Quartermain

Judge

1983

Psychobiology

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Mice were trained to avoid one compartment of a shuttlebox using the procedures of Pavlovian fear conditioning, and retention was measured 1 day later and 1 month later using an active avoidance test. Good retention was evident at 1 day, but substantial forgetting occurred after 1 month, performance levels in this group being equivalent to those exhibited by sham-conditioned animals. Treatment with d-amphetamine (2.0 mg/kg) before testing restored retention to levels shown by mice tested 1 day after conditioning. When retention was tested with a passive avoidance test, amphetamine increased rather than decreased latencies of animals tested 1 month after conditioning. Amphetamine did not decrease latencies of sham-conditioned mice tested in active avoidance and did not enhance the performance of those with strong memory tested 1 day following training in either active or passive tests. Amphetamine also enhanced retrieval in mice in which conditioning was weakened by a reduction in shock level rather than by imposition of a long retention interval. These findings add to the growing evidence that retention of weak memories can be facilitated by monoaminergic stimulation of retrieval mechanisms.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 91%

Retrieval enhancement in mice by pretest amphetamine injection after a long retention interval

Quartermain

Judge

1983

Psychobiology

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“…This has been well illustrated when reactivation was induced by pharmacological manipulations designed to reinstate the training internal context. In one study Quartermain and Altman (1982) administered the protein synthesis inhibitor, anisomycin, immediately after licksuppression training in mice to induce amnesia. They found that administering d-amphetamine (0.5-2.0 mg/kg) 30 min prior to testing resulted in substantial recovery of the target memory.…”

Section: Reactivation Alleviates or Reverses Memory Impairment Inducementioning

confidence: 99%

Memory reactivation effects independent of reconsolidation

Gisquet-Verrier¹,

Riccio²

2012

Learn. Mem.

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Memory reactivation is an important process resulting from reexposure to salient training-related information whereby a memory is brought from an inactive to an active state. Reactivation is the first stage of memory retrieval but can result from the exposure to salient cues without any behavioral output. Such cue-induced reactivation, although frequently used by neuroscientists to study reconsolidation, has seldom been considered as a process in its own right and studied as such. This review presents arguments indicating that memory reactivation has two main consequences: (1) to enhance the accessibility of the target memory and (2) to make the memory malleable. Accordingly, reactivation creates a transient state during which the content of the memory is easily accessible and can be modified and/or updated. As both of these aspects can be observed shortly after memory reactivation, this review emphasizes that reconsolidation is not necessarily required for these processes and calls attention to reactivation as a factor in the dynamics of the memory.Memory retrieval is a complex (multistage) process through which previously acquired information can be used, leading to a behavioral output. Memory reactivation is the first component of retrieval corresponding to the process through which a memory is triggered from a latent state to a state in which it can be retrieved. Reactivation is generated by cues that are either external or self-generated and occurs in two general conditions. First, reactivation is required for retrieval and for every operation that enlarges or modifies previous knowledge. This includes retraining, when coherent supplementary information is provided, extinction when the previously learned response is no longer reinforced, and more generally, all rule-shiftings, i.e., when the contingency governing the response is changed. As a result, reactivation is largely embedded with retrieval and this probably explains why these two terms are often used interchangeably in the literature.

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“…In rodents, AMP enhances retrieval of both aversively motivated 21–23 and appetitively motivated 24 conditioned behaviors. However, in humans, AMP administered at retrieval testing did not improve memory for previously studied lists of neutral words.…”

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confidence: 99%

Amphetamine Increases Errors During Episodic Memory Retrieval

Ballard¹,

Gallo²,

Wit³

2014

Journal of Clinical Psychopharmacology

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Moderate doses of stimulant drugs are known to enhance memory encoding and consolidation, but their effects on memory retrieval have not been explored in depth. In laboratory animals, stimulants seem to improve retrieval of emotional memories, but comparable studies have not been carried out in humans. In the present study, we examined the effects of dextroamphetamine (AMP) on retrieval of emotional and unemotional stimuli in healthy young adults, using doses that enhanced memory formation when administered before encoding in our previous study. During 3 sessions, healthy volunteers (n = 31) received 2 doses of AMP (10 and 20 mg) and placebo in counter-balanced order under double-blind conditions. During each session, they first viewed emotional and unemotional pictures and words in a drug-free state, and then 2 days later their memory was tested, 1 hour after AMP or placebo administration. Dextroamphetamine did not affect the number of emotional or unemotional stimuli remembered, but both doses increased recall intrusions and false recognition. Dextroamphetamine (20 mg) also increased the number of positively rated picture descriptions and words generated during free recall. These data provide the first evidence that therapeutic range doses of stimulant drugs can increase memory retrieval errors. The ability of AMP to positively bias recollection of prior events could contribute to its potential for abuse. Keywords memory; amphetamine; human; arousal; drug abuse Stimulant drugs are widely used for their cognitive-enhancing properties, both in the treatment of cognitive deficits (eg, attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder), 1 as well as by healthy individuals to boost cognitive performance. 2 Research in both humans and

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Facilitation of retrieval by d-amphetamine following anisomycin-induced amnesia

Cited by 28 publications

References 34 publications

Retrieval enhancement in mice by pretest amphetamine injection after a long retention interval

Retrieval enhancement in mice by pretest amphetamine injection after a long retention interval

Memory reactivation effects independent of reconsolidation

Amphetamine Increases Errors During Episodic Memory Retrieval

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