Facilitation of masseter EMG and masseteric (jaw-closure) reflex by serotonin in behaving cats

Ribeiro-do-Valle, L.E.; Metzler, Christine W.; Jacobs, Barry L.

doi:10.1016/0006-8993(91)91318-u

Cited by 56 publications

(22 citation statements)

References 39 publications

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“…Serotonergic fibers terminate in close proximity to the cell body and proximal processes of trigeminal motoneurons (1,5). Serotonin was shown to strongly facilitate trigeminal motoneurons (6,7). These findings suggest an important role for the serotonergic system in the control of jaw muscles activity.…”

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confidence: 65%

Serotonergic neurons in the caudal raphe nuclei discharge in association with activity of masticatory muscles

Le¹

1997

Braz J Med Biol Res

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There is a dense serotonergic projection from nucleus raphe pallidus and nucleus raphe obscurus to the trigeminal motor nucleus and serotonin exerts a strong facilitatory action on the trigeminal motoneurons. Some serotonergic neurons in these caudal raphe nuclei increase their discharge during feeding. The objective of the present study was to investigate the possibility that the activity of these serotonergic neurons is related to activity of masticatory muscles. Cats were implanted with microelectrodes and gross electrodes. Caudal raphe single neuron activity, electrocorticographic activity, and splenius, digastric and masseter electromyographic activities were recorded during active behaviors (feeding and grooming), during quiet waking and during sleep. Seven presumed serotonergic neurons were identified. These neurons showed a long duration action potential (>2.0 msec), and discharged slowly (2-7 Hz) and very regularly (interspike interval coefficient of variation <0.3) during quiet waking. The activity of these neurons decreased remarkably during fast wave sleep (78-100%). Six of these neurons showed tonic changes in their activity positively related to digastric and/or masseter muscles activity but not to splenius muscle activity during waking. These data are consistent with the hypothesis that serotonergic neurons in the caudal raphe nuclei play an important role in the control of jaw movements.

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confidence: 65%

Serotonergic neurons in the caudal raphe nuclei discharge in association with activity of masticatory muscles

Le¹

1997

Braz J Med Biol Res

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“…5-HT plays an important role in the patency of the upper airway. 5-HT excites adult upper airway dilator motor neurons (17,18) and provides intrinsic excitation at brainstem motor neurons in unanesthetized animals (19). The activity of neurons supplying 5-HT to motor neurons declines in sleep (20,21).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Most functional studies show that 5-HT and serotonergic neurons have a significant excitatory effect on respiratory motoneurons, including upper airway motoneurons, both in vivo and in vitro, and that serotonergic neurons show maximal activity during wakefulness and minimal activity during REM sleep (17)(18)(19). Sleep-related withdrawal of 5-HT at motoneurons contributes to the collapse of the upper airway and obstructive breathing (20,21).…”

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confidence: 99%

Serotonin-2A and 2C Receptor Gene Polymorphisms in Japanese Patients with Obstructive Sleep Apnea

et al. 2005

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Objective The serotonin (5-HT) 2A and 2C receptor subtype plays an important role in the maintenance of upper airway stability and normal breathing in obesity. Polymorphisms in the 5-HT 2A receptor gene (HTR2A) and 5-HT 2C receptor gene (HTR2C) are associated with various diseases. The aim of this study was to investigate whether or not the HTR2A/C genotypes are associated with obstructive sleep apnea (OSA).Methods The PCR-restriction fragment length polymorphism method was used to determine genotypes of the HTR2A/C gene. The genotype distributions and allele frequencies were statistically analyzed.Subjects We studied 177 consecutive male patients with excessive daytime somnolence and an apnea plus hypopnea number [apnea-hypopnea index (AHI)] of greater than five per hour of sleep established by full polysomnography. One hundred Japanese men in whom OSA was clinically excluded were randomly selected as a control group.Results Genotypes and allele frequencies of 102T/C polymorphism of the HTR2A and 796G/C polymorphism of the HTR2C did not differ between controls and patients with OSA. HTR2C polymorphism was considered inappropriate for association studies because of low frequency of the mutant allele. Multiple regression analysis showed that age and body mass index (BMI) were significantly associated with OSA, but HTR2A polymorphisms were not. HTR2A polymorphisms had no significant relationship with AHI or BMI, although further study with more samples will be needed for powerful statistical analyses.Conclusions

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“…(by microiontophoresis) in the vicinity of spinal motoneurons in vivo or systemic injection of 5-HT precursors generally leads to the following: an increase in motoneuronal excitability (1362), tonic muscle electromyogram (EMG) activity increases (839,1044), and some spinal motor reflexes are facilitated (223,233,1044,1079,1401). Locally applied 5-HT produces a small (2-6 mV) depolarization in spinal motoneurons in vivo, accompanied by an increase in membrane input resistance and a reduction in the spike AHP (1359).…”

Section: Pre-and Postsynaptic Actions Of 5-ht On Motoneurons-applicatmentioning

confidence: 99%

Synaptic Control of Motoneuronal Excitability

Rekling

Funk

Bayliss

et al. 2000

Physiological Reviews

532

482

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Movement, the fundamental component of behavior and the principal extrinsic action of the brain, is produced when skeletal muscles contract and relax in response to patterns of action potentials generated by motoneurons. The processes that determine the firing behavior of motoneurons are therefore important in understanding the transformation of neural activity to motor behavior. Here, we review recent studies on the control of motoneuronal excitability, focusing on synaptic and cellular properties. We first present a background description of motoneurons: their development, anatomical organization, and membrane properties, both passive and active. We then describe the general anatomical organization of synaptic input to motoneurons, followed by a description of the major transmitter systems that affect motoneuronal excitability, including ligands, receptor distribution, pre-and postsynaptic actions, signal transduction, and functional role. Glutamate is the main excitatory, and GABA and glycine are the main inhibitory transmitters acting through ionotropic receptors. These amino acids signal the principal motor commands from peripheral, spinal, and supraspinal structures. Amines, such as serotonin and norepinephrine, and neuropeptides, as well as the glutamate and GABA acting at metabotropic receptors, modulate motoneuronal excitability through pre-and postsynaptic actions. Acting principally via second messenger systems, their actions converge on common effectors, e.g., leak K + current, cationic inward current, hyperpolarization-activated inward current, Ca 2+ channels, or presynaptic release processes. Together, these numerous inputs mediate and modify incoming motor commands, ultimately generating the coordinated firing patterns that underlie muscle contractions during motor behavior.

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Facilitation of masseter EMG and masseteric (jaw-closure) reflex by serotonin in behaving cats

Cited by 56 publications

References 39 publications

Serotonergic neurons in the caudal raphe nuclei discharge in association with activity of masticatory muscles

Serotonergic neurons in the caudal raphe nuclei discharge in association with activity of masticatory muscles

Serotonin-2A and 2C Receptor Gene Polymorphisms in Japanese Patients with Obstructive Sleep Apnea

Synaptic Control of Motoneuronal Excitability

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