Facilitation of allocentric coding by virtue of object-semantics

Karimpur, Harun; Morgenstern, Yaniv; Fiehler, Katja

doi:10.1038/s41598-019-42735-4

Cited by 10 publications

(9 citation statements)

References 42 publications

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“…These results support previous research on allocentric coding using static scenes that showed that humans encode objects for action to some extent relative to contextual cues in the environment. The allocentric weights we found here are quite comparable to previous virtual reality studies varying between approximately 0.10 and 0.50 (Karimpur et al 2019 ; Klinghammer et al 2016 ). More importantly, these numbers were found despite the change in response mode.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 90%

“…Reaching end points systematically deviated in the direction of object shift, suggesting the use of allocentric information. Allocentric coding was found to be facilitated when the objects were task relevant (Fiehler et al 2014 ; Klinghammer et al 2015 ), coherently shifted (Klinghammer et al 2017 ) and semantically similar (Karimpur et al 2019 ). While these studies advanced our understanding of potential factors facilitating allocentric coding, little is known about the generalizability of these results.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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The role of perception and action on the use of allocentric information in a large-scale virtual environment

2020

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In everyday life, our brain constantly builds spatial representations of the objects surrounding us. Many studies have investigated the nature of these spatial representations. It is well established that we use allocentric information in real-time and memory-guided movements. Most studies relied on small-scale and static experiments, leaving it unclear whether similar paradigms yield the same results on a larger scale using dynamic objects. We created a virtual reality task that required participants to encode the landing position of a virtual ball thrown by an avatar. Encoding differed in the nature of the task in that it was either purely perceptual (“view where the ball landed while standing still”—Experiment 1) or involved an action (“intercept the ball with the foot just before it lands”—Experiment 2). After encoding, participants were asked to place a real ball at the remembered landing position in the virtual scene. In some trials, we subtly shifted either the thrower or the midfield line on a soccer field to manipulate allocentric coding of the ball’s landing position. In both experiments, we were able to replicate classic findings from small-scale experiments and to generalize these results to different encoding tasks (perception vs. action) and response modes (reaching vs. walking-and-placing). Moreover, we found that participants preferably encoded the ball relative to the thrower when they had to intercept the ball, suggesting that the use of allocentric information is determined by the encoding task by enhancing task-relevant allocentric information. Our findings indicate that results previously obtained from memory-guided reaching are not restricted to small-scale movements, but generalize to whole-body movements in large-scale dynamic scenes.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 90%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The role of perception and action on the use of allocentric information in a large-scale virtual environment

2020

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“…Many previous studies have sought to measure shape similarity for both familiar and unfamiliar objects [38,40,[44][45][46][47][48][49][50][51][52][53]. Despite this, the representation of shape in the human visual system remains elusive, and the basis for shape similarity judgments remains unclear.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

An image-computable model of human visual shape similarity

Morgenstern

Hartmann

Schmidt

et al. 2020

Preprint

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Shape is a defining feature of objects. Yet, no image-computable model accurately predicts how similar or different shapes appear to human observers. To address this, we developed a model ('ShapeComp'), based on over 100 shape features (e.g., area, compactness, Fourier descriptors). When trained to capture the variance in a database of >25,000 animal silhouettes, ShapeComp predicts human shape similarity judgments almost perfectly (r 2 >0.99) without fitting any parameters to human data. To test the model, we created carefully selected arrays of complex novel shapes using a Generative Adversarial Network trained on the animal silhouettes, which we presented to observers in a wide range of tasks. Our findings show that human shape perception is inherently multidimensional and optimized for comparing natural shapes. ShapeComp outperforms conventional metrics, and can also be used to generate perceptually uniform stimulus sets, making it a powerful tool for investigating shape and object representations in the human brain.

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“…In only two studies, these findings were extended into visual space by means of virtual reality (Karimpur, Morgenstern, & Fiehler, 2019;Klinghammer, Schütz, Blohm, & Fiehler, 2016). The results imply that allocentric coding is comparable in visual and pictorial space.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 89%

Spatial coding for memory-guided reaching in visual and pictorial spaces

et al. 2020

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An essential difference between pictorial space displayed as paintings, photographs, or computer screens, and the visual space experienced in the real world is that the observer has a defined location, and thus valid information about distance and direction of objects, in the latter but not in the former. Thus egocentric information should be more reliable in visual space, whereas allocentric information should be more reliable in pictorial space. The majority of studies relied on pictorial representations (images on a computer screen), leaving it unclear whether the same coding mechanisms apply in visual space. Using a memory-guided reaching task in virtual reality, we investigated allocentric coding in both visual space (on a table in virtual reality) and pictorial space (on a monitor that is on the table in virtual reality). Our results suggest that the brain uses allocentric information to represent objects in both pictorial and visual space. Contrary to our hypothesis, the influence of allocentric cues was stronger in visual space than in pictorial space, also after controlling for retinal stimulus size, confounding allocentric cues, and differences in presentation depth. We discuss possible reasons for stronger allocentric coding in visual than in pictorial space.

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Facilitation of allocentric coding by virtue of object-semantics

Cited by 10 publications

References 42 publications

The role of perception and action on the use of allocentric information in a large-scale virtual environment

The role of perception and action on the use of allocentric information in a large-scale virtual environment

An image-computable model of human visual shape similarity

Spatial coding for memory-guided reaching in visual and pictorial spaces

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