Facilitation and impairment of conditioning in the preweanling rat after prior exposure to the conditioned stimulus

Hoffmann, Heather; Spear, Norman E.

doi:10.3758/bf03205213

Cited by 34 publications

(41 citation statements)

References 17 publications

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“…However, the possibility remains that the well-known effect of latent inhibition operates in a different way in infants. Hoffmann and Spear (1989) have shown that, using parameters with which a retardation of conditioning would be observed in adult rats, a facilitatory effect may be found with infants; and that in order to observe latent inhibition infants need more experience with the stimuli, i.e., more preexposure trials (Hoffmann & Spear, 1989). This was assessed in the following experiment.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of stimulus preexposure on the generalization of conditioned taste aversions in infant rats

Chotro

Alonso

1999

Dev. Psychobiol.

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Generalization of a conditioned taste aversion in infant rats and how this is affected by stimulus preexposure was investigated in a series of experiments. In Experiment 1 generalization of a conditioned aversion between two tastes (sweet and salty) was found, and the effect of tastes preexposure was a reduction in generalization (Experiment 2). However, when these tastes were combined with a common taste (acid) that was less (Experiment 3) or more intense (Experiment 3b), the effect of stimulus preexposure was a stronger generalization of the conditioned aversion. In this case, a reduction on generalization was again observed by increasing the number of preexposure trials to the taste compounds (Experiment 4). In all cases the generalization levels were directly related to the effect of stimulus preexposure on the acquisition rate of conditioning. It can be concluded that, with the appropriate parameters, a reduction of generalization of a conditioned taste aversion can be obtained after taste exposure in preweanling rats.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of stimulus preexposure on the generalization of conditioned taste aversions in infant rats

Chotro

Alonso

1999

Dev. Psychobiol.

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“…Familiarity may induce a higher intake of the tastant, probably by reducing neophobia (although this effect was not clearly evidenced with all tastants due to the low neophobic responses displayed at this age), whereas increased reactivity to the tastants may reflect not only a shift in their hedonic value but also, or alternatively, a better processing of their pleasant and unpleasant orosensory properties. This last interpretation is closely linked to the phenomenon of perceptual priming and with those processes underlying the facilitation of conditioning observed after stimulus preexposure in both infant rats (Chotro & Alonso, 1999;Chotro & Alonso, 2001;Hoffmann & Spear, 1989) and adult animals (Bennett, Tremain, & Mackintosh, 1996). In relation to this, and based on previous studies carried out in our laboratory, it may be hypothesized that an increase in the number of stimulus exposures may eventually prompt a reduced reactivity in infant rats.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The effect of taste familiarity on intake and taste reactivity in infant rats

Diaz-Cenzano

Chotro

2009

Developmental Psychobiology

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With infant rats, unlike with adults, increased intake of a taste after mere exposure to this stimulus is not consistently found; this has sometimes been interpreted as a failure by the immature subject to recognize tastes as familiar. We studied the effect of preexposure to a tastant, measuring taste reactivity and intake in 14-day-old rats. Familiarity increased hedonic response to sucrose, but also increased aversive response to quinine and ethanol. With the sucrose-quinine compound, familiarity increased both the hedonic and the aversive reaction to the stimulus. In no case was a differential reactivity to water observed. Significant increased intake after familiarization was only found with quinine or the sucrose-quinine compound. Results indicate that in infant rats, and with the present parameters, taste familiarity enhances responsiveness to these stimuli, an effect not always accompanied by detectable changes in intake.

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“…For example, Hoffman and Spear (1989) found a strong latent inhibition effect in both 10-and 18-day-old rats. In their experiments, the CS was an odor and the US was footshock.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Ontogeny of context‐specific latent inhibition of conditioned fear: Implications for configural associations theory and hippocampal formation development

Rudy

1994

Developmental Psychobiology

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Latent inhibition of fear conditioning to an auditory cue, is measured by behavioral freezing, was examined in 18- and 23-day-old rats. In Experiment 1, CS preexposure and conditioning occurred in the same context for some rats but in a different context for other rats, and 24 hr separated CS preexposure and conditioning. The 23-day-old rats showed a context-specific latent inhibition effect, but the 18-day-old rats showed no latent inhibition. In Experiment 2, CS preexposure and conditioning occurred in the same training session and both 18- and 23-day-old rats showed latent inhibition. These results were discussed in relation to Wagner's (1976) theory of information processing, hippocampal formation maturation, and function, and Sutherland and Rudy's (1989) configural association theory.

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Facilitation and impairment of conditioning in the preweanling rat after prior exposure to the conditioned stimulus

Cited by 34 publications

References 17 publications

Effects of stimulus preexposure on the generalization of conditioned taste aversions in infant rats

Effects of stimulus preexposure on the generalization of conditioned taste aversions in infant rats

The effect of taste familiarity on intake and taste reactivity in infant rats

Ontogeny of context‐specific latent inhibition of conditioned fear: Implications for configural associations theory and hippocampal formation development

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