Facilitating resolution of forest conflicts through understanding the complexity of the relationship between forest industry and environmental groups

Gritten, David

doi:10.14214/df.91

Cited by 7 publications

(10 citation statements)

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“…This may partly be explained by funding; as ENGOs must operate with funding in mind, this can determine their focus (McAdam et al, 1996). This focus is in both geographical terms and issues that they campaign on, as suggested by Gritten (2009). In other words, they are unlikely to campaign on issues, for example, that will not garner media coverage (Gamson, 2004).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Determining forest conflict hotspots according to academic and environmental groups

Mola‐Yudego

Gritten

2010

Forest Policy and Economics

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Determining forest conflict hotspots according to academic and environmental groups

Mola‐Yudego

Gritten

2010

Forest Policy and Economics

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“…Keck and Sikkink 1998;Wapner 2000;Gritten 2009). One can view these partnerships, leading to the blanket coverage of the target company's operations (i.e.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…One can view these partnerships, leading to the blanket coverage of the target company's operations (i.e. targeting various aspects of the company's operations including their financiers, shareholders and customers), as a way that the ENGOs increase their salience, with regards to the target, thereby increasing their ability to influence the company (Gritten 2009). An example of this is APRIL (Raitzer 2008).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Sonnenfeld 2002;Gritten 2009), for example, Asia Pulp and Paper (APP) in Indonesia (accusations of illegal logging) and Metsä Botnia in Uruguay (fears regarding pollution caused by its pulp mill). The scrutiny is reflected in campaigns by environmental non-government organisations (ENGOs), such as Greenpeace and World Wide Fund for Nature (WWF), who are campaigning to get the industry to operate in a more sustainable manner (e.g.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Specifically, despite there being numerous differences between ENGOs, including differing strategies, ideologies and sources of funding (e.g. Keck and Sikkink 1998;Gritten 2009), these diverse groups frequently form coalitions, often international in nature, to target a corporation (e.g. Gritten and Kant 2007).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Blanket strategy: A response of environmental groups to the globalising forest industry

Gritten¹,

Mola‐Yudego

2010

Int J Commons

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Globally, in recent decades, forest industry has come under increased scrutiny, often led by environmental non-government organisations (ENGOs). The present paper analyses the strategies used by the ENGOs in different forest conflicts involving forest industry. The main aim is to determine if there is a relationship between forest industries' partners (shareholders, financiers and customers) and the location of the ENGOs campaigning against them. Fourteen forest conflicts are used as case studies, representing different geographical regions. A detailed screening of the different actors and relations was performed for each case study based on existing academic literature, publications from relevant ENGOs and companies. The results reveal a strong correlation between the location of the ENGOs involved and the companies' financial and economic partners. We put forward, and test, a theoretical framework to explain the mechanisms used by the ENGOs to apply pressure on the companies involved in conflicts. The blanket nature of the campaigns by ENGOs illustrates that the movement has globalised in response to the global nature of the industry. The present research contributes to a better understanding of the relationship between forest industry and ENGOs, including the strategies employed by the ENGOs, and in assisting forest industry in its interactions with stakeholders, including ENGOs. Keywords: Blanket campaigns, environmental non-governmental organisations (ENGOs), forest conflicts, globalisation of forest industry and ENGOs David Gritten and Blas Mola-YudegoAcknowledgements: The authors would like to express their thanks to the various academics, ENGOs and forest companies that helped providing some of the information for the conflicts. Our gratitude also goes to the School of Forest Sciences, University of Eastern Finland and the Finnish Cultural Foundation for the financial support provided. Additionally, the authors would like to thank Prof. Paavo Pelkonen and Ms. Mari Selkimäki and Mireia Vilaplana Rojas for their invaluable input to earlier versions of this paper. We would also like to thank the three reviewers for their invaluable suggestions on an earlier version of this paper.

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Conventional and New Ways of Governing Forest Threats: A Study of Stakeholder Coherence in Sweden

Eriksson

2017

Environmental Management

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Based on a framework for analyzing stakeholder coherence horizontally and vertically, the present study examined the governance of forest threats in Sweden. Opinions of forest risk governance in stakeholder groups with and without a connection to private forestry were compared (n = 2496) and the opinions were analyzed in relation to current governance practices. More specifically, forest threat appraisals, trust in the Swedish Forest Agency (SFA), and the acceptability of forest risk policy measures directed at private forest owners were assessed. Results revealed an overall coherence between different stakeholders in this context. However, the groups differed in, for example, the acceptability of the hypothetical regulative measure aiming to reduce damages threatening the forest long-term (e.g., climate change). Furthermore, an extensive use of advice for a fee may challenge particularly the internal, but also the external, legitimacy of forest risk governance. The forest owner stakeholder group showed lower threat appraisals when evaluating threat to one’s own forest rather than to the Swedish forest, except regarding browsing by animals. Regulations were not disapproved of in any of the stakeholder groups, although the forest owner group generally displayed higher acceptability of encouraging measures compared to the general public. Trust in the SFA was furthermore confirmed as an important driver of policy acceptability, and higher threat appraisals of novel threats, such as climate change and fire, resulted in a higher acceptability of measures less central or new in this context. The value of analyzing stakeholder coherence for natural resource management and governance is discussed.

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Facilitating resolution of forest conflicts through understanding the complexity of the relationship between forest industry and environmental groups

Cited by 7 publications

References 142 publications

Determining forest conflict hotspots according to academic and environmental groups

Determining forest conflict hotspots according to academic and environmental groups

Blanket strategy: A response of environmental groups to the globalising forest industry

Conventional and New Ways of Governing Forest Threats: A Study of Stakeholder Coherence in Sweden

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