Facilitating eyewitness memory in adults and children with context reinstatement and focused meditation

Hammond, Laura; Wagstaff, Graham F.; Cole, Jon C.

doi:10.1002/jip.47

Cited by 31 publications

(64 citation statements)

References 56 publications

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“…If FM and hypnotic induction share similar characteristics, it could be that FM will also complement context reinstatement in other memory domains. However, whereas FM appears to facilitate memory without producing an increase in the number of errors or confabulated details, context reinstatement seems less reliable in this respect (Wagstaff et al, 2004a, b;Hammond et al, 2006). It remains to be seen, therefore, which of these trends dominates when the two are combined.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 85%

“…Although now seen as a routine part of cognitive interviewing, context reinstatement has traditionally been a fundamental feature of the 'revivication' technique in hypnotic forensic interviewing (Hibbard and Worring, 1981), and can be effective by itself (Smith, 1979;Malpass and Devine, 1981;Krafka and Penrod, 1985;Cutler, Penrod and Martens, 1987). In their study, Hammond et al (2006) found that, for both adults and children, FM and context reinstatement procedures enhanced performance on both open-ended and closed questions to levels above those achieved by controls. However, although those in the context reinstatement condition also produced signifi cantly more correct responses than those in the FM condition, they also displayed elevated levels of confi dence in relation to incorrect responses on closed questions (FM did not have this effect).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 92%

“…In both the UK and USA, forensic hypnotic interviewing is considerably less popular as an eyewitness memory facilitation technique than it was in the early 1980s, having been displaced largely by the Cognitive Interview Wagstaff, 1998, 1999a,b;Hammond, Wagstaff and Cole, 2006). The most frequently cited problem is that, under hypnosis, witnesses may erroneously report items that they would normally reject on the basis of uncertainty (see for example, Orne, 1979;Diamond, 1980;Wagstaff, 1982b;factors would be likely to interfere with left frontal executive tasks, such as verbal fl uency (Gruzelier, 1988;Gruzelier and Warren, 1993;Kallio, Revonsuo, Hamalainen, Markela and Gruzelier, 2001;Wagstaff, 2003).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…To this end, Hammond et al (2006) compared the efficacy of FM relative to that of context reinstatement. With context reinstatement, participants are asked to describe in detail the context surrounding the critical event, including their thoughts and feelings at the time.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 3 more Smart Citations

A componential approach to hypnotic memory facilitation: focused meditation, context reinstatement and eye movements

Wagstaff

Cole

Wheatcroft

et al. 2007

Contemporary Hypnosis

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Although hypnosis is now less popular as an interviewing technique in forensic investigations than it used to be, recent evidence suggests that some of the components of hypnotic interviewing might still be useful in the development of brief memory facilitation procedures. Two experiments are described which continue this componential approach to hypnotic interviewing. In the fi rst experiment, the effects on episodic memory of a brief context reinstatement (revivication) procedure were examined together with a focused breathing meditation technique which shares similarities with traditional hypnotic induction. A second experiment investigated the effects of horizontal eye movements which some have also associated with hypnotic responding. Results indicated that a combined context reinstatement and focused meditation procedure was more effective than context reinstatement alone in facilitating memory for an emotional event without the increase in false positive errors familiar to more traditional hypnosis techniques. In contrast, an instruction to perform horizontal eye movements was not effective in facilitating memory and, when combined with a suggestion for improved recall, produced higher confi dence in incorrect responses. Implications are discussed.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 85%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 92%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 2 more Smart Citations

A componential approach to hypnotic memory facilitation: focused meditation, context reinstatement and eye movements

Wagstaff

Cole

Wheatcroft

et al. 2007

Contemporary Hypnosis

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…A myriad of studies have demonstrated the effects of question format on recall quantity and accuracy (e.g., Hammond, Wagstaff, & Cole, 2006;Henry & Gudjonsson, 1999;Koriat & Goldsmith, 1996;Memon & Vartoukian, 1996), confirming that open-ended question formats consistently yield a higher quantity of accurate witness information than closed or suggestive question formats. As such, a thorough examination of the post-recall feedback effect should account for different question formats documented in real-world interviewing (Fisher, Geiselman, & Raymond, 1987;Schreiber Compo et al, 2012).…”

Section: Investigative Interview Question Formatmentioning

confidence: 92%

The Effects of Post-Recall Feedback: Examining Witness Recall Quantity, Accuracy, and Confidence

Mueller¹

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Most eyewitness identification protocols recommend withholding feedback after an identification has been made, at least until a measure of confidence can be gathered.Although much research has examined the impact of post-identification feedback on subsequent witness behavior and confidence, research addressing the importance of postrecall feedback remains largely incomplete. The current study examined the effects of post-recall feedback and question type on subsequent witness recall, confidence, and reports of view of the crime. In line with previous eyewitness identification research, it was predicted that participants receiving confirming post-recall feedback would be more confident in their prior recall compared to participants receiving neutral, no, or disconfirming feedback. One hundred and fifty-eight participants viewed a mock crime video of a robbery followed by an interview which included both open-ended and cued questions. Participants were then given either confirming, neutral, no, or disconfirming feedback and asked about their confidence and the clarity of their view of the perpetrator.Under the pretense that the recording equipment failed, participants were interviewed again using the same question format. The second interview was followed by a series of vii suggestive questions. After the second interview, participants were again asked about their confidence and self-reported quality of view of the perpetrator. Participant interviews were transcribed and scored for quantity, accuracy, and consistency by two blind, independent coders. Analyses revealed that feedback had a systematic impact on confidence such that participants who received confirming feedback were more confident in the overall accuracy of their prior memory accounts than those who received neutral, no, or disconfirming feedback and participants who received neutral or no feedback were more confident in the overall accuracy of their prior memory accounts compared to those in the disconfirming feedback condition. In line with previous eyewitness identification research, there was no significant relationship between recall accuracy and reported confidence. Results from the current study can be used to inform real-world investigative interviewers by highlighting the consequences of offering post-recall feedback.

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Positive and negative effects of physical context reinstatement on eyewitness recall and identification

Wong

Read

2011

Applied Cognitive Psychology

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The impact of context reinstatement (CR) on eyewitness recall and identification was explored in this study. Participants viewed a video of a staged theft and, following a 1-week interval, were asked to identify the culprit and recall the event in either the same or in a different physical environment. Results suggested that CR enhanced the perceived familiarity of the lineup members, which in turn increased participants' willingness to identify someone in the lineup. Although CR significantly improved facial discrimination and identification accuracy when the target was present, it also increased confidence ratings beyond that warranted by the increase in accuracy. In terms of recall, reinstating the study context improved participants' free recall of both central and peripheral details and cued recall of peripheral details. The results were consistent with a (mis)attribution of familiarity and the outshining hypothesis.

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Facilitating eyewitness memory in adults and children with context reinstatement and focused meditation

Cited by 31 publications

References 56 publications

A componential approach to hypnotic memory facilitation: focused meditation, context reinstatement and eye movements

A componential approach to hypnotic memory facilitation: focused meditation, context reinstatement and eye movements

The Effects of Post-Recall Feedback: Examining Witness Recall Quantity, Accuracy, and Confidence

Positive and negative effects of physical context reinstatement on eyewitness recall and identification

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