Facilitated Regeneration in the Rat Peripheral Nervous System Using Applied Electric Fields

Politis, Michael J.; Zanakis, Michael F.; Albala, Bruce J.

doi:10.1097/00005373-198809000-00012

Cited by 56 publications

(18 citation statements)

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“…Peripheral nerve regeneration has been manipulated with weak DC currents, pulsed electromagnetic fields (PEMFs), and alternating currents strong enough to discharge the neuron. Weak DC currents orient and direct regeneration in vitro (Hinkle et al, 1981;Patel and Poo, 1982) but produce inconsistent results in vivo (Politis et al, 1988;Kerns et al, 1991Kerns et al, , 1994Kerns and Lucchinetti, 1992). PEMF, attractive because of its noninvasive nature, increases the speed of axon regeneration in the first week by 22-24% (Sisken et al, 1989;Rusovan et al, 1992) but without improving functional outcome (Orgel et al, 1984;Zienowicz et al, 1991).…”

Section: Abstract: Electrical Stimulation; Peripheral Nerve; Anterogmentioning

confidence: 99%

Electrical Stimulation Promotes Motoneuron Regeneration without Increasing Its Speed or Conditioning the Neuron

Hoffman²,

et al. 2002

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Motoneurons reinnervate the distal stump at variable rates after peripheral nerve transection and suture. In the rat femoral nerve model, reinnervation is already substantial 3 weeks after repair, but is not completed for an additional 7 weeks. However, this "staggered regeneration" can be temporally compressed by application of 20 Hz electrical stimulation to the nerve for 1 hr. The present experiments explore two possible mechanisms for this stimulation effect: (1) synchronization of distal stump reinnervation and (2) enhancement of regeneration speed. The first possibility was investigated by labeling all motoneurons that have crossed the repair at intervals from 4 d to 4 weeks after rat femoral nerve transection and suture. Although many axons did not cross until 3-4 weeks after routine repair, stimulation significantly increased the number crossing at 4 and 7 d, with only a few crossing after 2 weeks. Regeneration speed was studied by radioisotope labeling of transported proteins and by anterograde labeling of regenerating axons, and was not altered by stimulation. Attempts to condition the neuron by stimulating the femoral nerve 1 week before injury were also without effect. Electrical stimulation thus promotes the onset of motor axon regeneration without increasing its speed. This finding suggests a combined approach to improving the outcome of nerve repair, beginning with stimulation to recruit all motoneurons across the repair, followed by other treatments to speed and prolong axonal elongation.

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Section: Abstract: Electrical Stimulation; Peripheral Nerve; Anterogmentioning

confidence: 99%

Electrical Stimulation Promotes Motoneuron Regeneration without Increasing Its Speed or Conditioning the Neuron

Hoffman²,

et al. 2002

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“…Direct current was applied for 30 min each day for 23 days, with the cathode located in the tip of the paw and the anode in the tail (or vice versa (Pomeranz, 1986) The effect of applied current on damaged sciatic nerves with non-cellular scars has been examined by transecting the nerves, freezing the proximal stump and then suturing the two ends together (Politis, Zanakis & Albala, 1988 a). Chronic current was supplied to damaged nerves using cuff electrodes (anode or cathode distal), or non-functional nerve cuffs.…”

Section: Endogenous Electric Fieldsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Electrical fields, nerve growth and nerve regeneration

McCaig

Rajnicek²

1991

Experimental Physiology

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The presence of voltage gradients within developing and damaged tissues led to the notion that the resultant electrical fields provide instructional cues to cells. Field effects on avian and amphibian neurones in vitro include increased differentiation, turning of neurites towards the cathode, increased rate of growth towards the cathode, resorption of anodefacing neurites, increased branching and increased filopodial activity. Electric fields enhance regeneration of damaged PNS and CNS neurones in animals as diverse as lampreys, frogs, rats and guinea‐pigs, but the mechanisms by which fields produce their effects are not understood. Further examination of the interaction of fields with intracellular elements, such as the cytoskeleton and second messenger systems, may offer some insight.

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“…Application of EF between implanted electrodes across a nerve injury was demonstrated to promote regeneration when the cathode was placed distally [Politis et al, 1988;Kerns et al, 1991;Kerns and Lucchinetti, 1992]. Electric stimulation by exposing restrained animals to PEMF for varying periods also facilitated nerve regeneration [Ito and Bassett, 1983].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Weak DC EF was applied to accelerate nerve regeneration following different peripheral nerve injury models [Politis et al, 1988;Kerns et al, 1991;Kerns and Lucchinetti, 1992]. Pulsed electromagnetic field (PEMF), as a non-invasive modality was also effective in enhancing nerve regeneration [Ito and Bassett, 1983;Orgel et al, 1984;Sisken et al, 1989;Walker et al, 1994].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The influence of continuous exposure to 50 Hz electric field on nerve regeneration in a rat peroneal nerve crush injury model

Aydın

Çömlekçi

Özgüner

et al. 2006

Bioelectromagnetics

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The effect of power frequency electric field (EF) on nerve regeneration was investigated on a rat peroneal nerve crush injury model. The animals were assigned to three groups: 50 Hz EF and Static EF groups were exposed at 10 kV/m. The sham group was kept in the same setting without any EF applications. EF was uninterruptedly applied for 21 days postoperatively. Repeated measures analysis of daily walking tracks during EF exposure demonstrated lower toe spread recovery (TSR) in the 50 Hz EF group. Significant difference across the groups was found only at days 7, 8, 12, 16, 17, 20, and 21 when TSR was analyzed for each measurement time. Print length recovery and peroneal function index did not differ across the groups. Walking track parameters were found to recover to their baseline values by day 28 in all groups. Day 14 but not day 21 measurements revealed smaller nerve cross-sectional area, lower total regenerating axon area, and higher mean myelin debris area in 50 Hz EF group. Both day 14 and 21 measurements revealed higher total myelin debris area, lower EDL muscle weight, and lack of significant enlargement in nerve cross-section distal to the injury, compared to the normal counterpart in 50 Hz EF group. All differences were in keeping with lower rates of Wallerian degeneration and nerve regeneration in 50 Hz EF group. When walking track, histomorphometry and muscle weight are considered individually, their differences across the groups may appear to be subtle to derive a conclusion for a 50 Hz EF effect. However, their concordance with each other in direction of effect suggests that continuous 50 Hz EF exposure has a weak effect that is detrimental mostly to the rate of early nerve regeneration in this axonotmetic injury model. Recovery of walking tracks was not different between Static EF and Sham groups. This suggests that the surface charges that may indirectly affect walking behaviors of the rats, do not account for the lower recovery of TSR in 50 Hz EF group. Differences in nerve regeneration between 50 Hz EF and Static EF groups suggests that electric induction may be required for pure EF effects even though the estimated density of induced fields is not above the endogenous background level for the 50 Hz EF exposure in this study.

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Facilitated Regeneration in the Rat Peripheral Nervous System Using Applied Electric Fields

Cited by 56 publications

References 0 publications

Electrical Stimulation Promotes Motoneuron Regeneration without Increasing Its Speed or Conditioning the Neuron

Electrical Stimulation Promotes Motoneuron Regeneration without Increasing Its Speed or Conditioning the Neuron

Electrical fields, nerve growth and nerve regeneration

The influence of continuous exposure to 50 Hz electric field on nerve regeneration in a rat peroneal nerve crush injury model

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