Wearable
microneedle-based electrochemical sensor technologies
are promptly growing due to their unique capabilities, such as minimally
invasive, painless, real-time, continuous monitoring, etc. Strong
disruptions or imbalances of neurotransmitter systems are associated
with many chronic diseases and mental disorders, including Parkinson’s,
depression, anxiety, memory loss, significant changes in weight, and
chronic physical or emotional stress. The captivating advantages of
the wearable microneedle-based sensor enable continuous monitoring
of various biomarkers and pharmaceutical drugs in interstitial fluid
(ISF). In this present work, we have developed a sensor for continuous
monitoring of the biologically important neurotransmitter Serotonin
(5-hydroxytryptamine, 5-HT) through a microneedle patch. The new microneedle
sensor array relies on Ag/rGO-modified carbon paste microneedle electrodes
for square wave voltammetry and amperometry detection of the 5-HT
target. Such real-time orthogonal sensing offers distinct, unique
information and the desired analytical performance. The surfaces of
the working electrodes have been characterized with electroanalytical
and surface morphological techniques. The developed sensor was able
to detect 5-HT target from phosphate-buffered saline buffer within
linear ranges of 3–21 and 6–60 μM (both short
and long ranges) with well-defined linearity. The continuous monitoring
and biofouling studies of the microneedle sensor were demonstrated
in artificial ISF containing bovine serum albumin by using chronoamperometry.
The sensor exhibited linearity in the range of 13.5–95 μM.
The long-term monitoring capability of the sensor was demonstrated
in an artificial ISF medium. The specificity of the sensor was exhibited
in the presence of potentially interfering substances. The excellent
performance shown in the skin-mimicking model proved that the microneedle
sensor platform holds considerable promise for real-time detection
of the important neurotransmitter 5-HT in the ISF.