“…Till now, Pd, Zr, Cr, Co, Al, Ag, Nb, Ta, La and Y have been incorporated into organosilica sols to prepare a hybrid organosilica membrane [27,81,82,83,84,85]. Before the organosilica membranes were extensively investigated, metals such as Zr, Ti, Pd and Co were introduced into pure silica membranes derived by TEOS to enhance the affinity with gas or water and improve hydrothermal stability [4,86,87].…”