Facile Synthesis of Well-Defined Block Copolymers Containing Regioregular Poly(3-hexyl thiophene) via Anionic Macroinitiation Method and Their Self-Assembly Behavior

Dai, Chi‐An; Yen, Wei-Che; Lee, Yi-Huan; Ho, Chun-Chi; Su, Wei‐Fang

doi:10.1021/ja0733991

Cited by 250 publications

(218 citation statements)

References 30 publications

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“…The most effective method used to produce P3AT macro-initiators is Grignard metathesis (GRIM) followed by a relatively straightforward end-group conversion. 124 144,145 and ringopening polymerization (ROP). 146 These polymerization techniques are capable of yielding a wide range of well-defined polymers and have advantages FIGURE 6 A comparison of the step and chain growth-like approaches for the syntheses of rod-coil block copolymers.…”

Section: Synthesismentioning

confidence: 99%

Block copolymer strategies for solar cell technology

Topham¹,

Parnell²,

Hiorns³

2011

J Polym Sci B Polym Phys

186

169

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A simple overview of the methods used and the expected benefits of block copolymers in organic photovoltaic devices is given in this review. The description of the photovoltaic process makes it clear how the detailed self-assembly properties of block copolymers can be exploited. Organic photovoltaic technology, an inexpensive, clean and renewable energy source, is an extremely promising option for replacing fossil fuels. It is expected to deliver printable devices processed on flexible substrates using high-volume techniques. Such devices, however, currently lack the long-term stability and efficiency to allow organic photovoltaics to surpass current technologies. Block copolymers are envisaged to help overcome these obstacles because of their long term structural stability and their solid-state morphology being of the appropriate dimensions to efficiently perform charge collection and transfer to electrodes.

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Section: Synthesismentioning

confidence: 99%

Block copolymer strategies for solar cell technology

Topham¹,

Parnell²,

Hiorns³

2011

J Polym Sci B Polym Phys

186

169

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“…insulating blocks as for example PMMA (P3HT-b-PMMA), [224] or poly(2-vinylpyridine) (P3HT-b-P2VP, [225][226][227][228][229] or P4VP (P3HT-b-P4VP), [230][231][232] or PEO (P3HT-b-PEO), [233][234][235][236][237][238][239][240][241][242] or polylactides (P3HT-b-PLA), [243] or polyacrylic acids (P3HT-b-PAA). [244,245] Also more special block copolymer with P3HT block were reported as for example azobenzene liquid crystalline mesogen, 6-(4-((4-methoxyphenyl)diazenyl)phenoxy)hexyl methacrylate (MMAZO) incorporated into a block copolymer with P3HT.…”

Section: Wwwadvancedsciencenewscommentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Although P3HT has a decreased flexibility in the backbone due to conjugation and it is often termed as a rod-like component, its block copolymers have been shown to form the typical cylindrical and lamellar morphologies wellknown from coil-coil diblock copolymers. [225,252] Different methods were applied for the synthesis of the hydrophilic block, ranging from anionic polymerization to ringopening metathesis polymerization (ROMP) and controlled radical polymerization. In many cases, copper-catalyzed azidealkyne cycloaddition "click" reactions, were adapted to obtain such block copolymers.…”

Section: Wwwadvancedsciencenewscommentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Figure 11 shows the microphase separation as observed in TEM pictures of four such diblock copolymers, referred to as P1, P2, P3, and P4, with P3HT wt%, of 14, 25, 41, and 70, respectively. [225] Kim et al could prepare hybrid nanowires composed of P3HT and n-type CdSe by exploiting the crystallization-driven solution assembly of P3HT-b-P2VP. [229] In many of the reported P3HT containing block copolymers, usually low molecular weight P3HTs were incorporated due to easiness of synthetic control and high yield of post-polymerization reactions.…”

Section: Wwwadvancedsciencenewscommentioning

confidence: 99%

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Hybrid Photovoltaics – from Fundamentals towards Application

Müller‐Buschbaum

Thelakkat

Fässler

et al. 2017

Advanced Energy Materials

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In hybrid photovoltaics, an organic and an inorganic semiconductor are combined in the active layer, with the advantages of both material classes in a single device. The organic component contributes towards the possibility for wet chemical device preparation with potentially low costs in combination with achieving flexible devices. From the inorganic component an increase in stability, as well as superior opto‐electronic properties, is added. Given the large diversity of organic and inorganic semiconductors, a large number of possible realizations of hybrid solar cells emerge. In the present review, we limit to hybrid solar cells which combine conjugated polymers with inorganic materials such as titanium dioxide, zinc oxide, silicon, germanium and quantum dots to keep focused. Particular emphasis is put on different routes to tailor nanostructures, such as the use of semiconductor block copolymers. The inorganic component is either synthesized directly in one of the blocks or added as a pre‐synthesized nanomaterial to form the hybrid material. Alternatively, the block copolymer is used as a structure‐directing template in a sol–gel synthesis approach to have tailored inorganic nanostructures, which are back‐filled with the organic component to fabricate the hybrid material. Hybrid solar cells based on crystalline Si are discussed for comparison.

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“…13 This is especially true for the preparation of P3HT block copolymers where control of the polymeric chain ends is essential and the successful incorporation of nonconductive vinyl blocks, such as polystyrene, leads to modification of the mechanical and electronic properties. [14][15][16][17][18][19][20][21][22] Starting with the pioneering work of McCullough and coworkers, a variety of groups have prepared rr-P3HT-based block copolymers using a combination of Grignard metathesis method (GRIM) 17 and controlled radical polymerization (i.e., atom transfer radical polymerization, ATRP) 18,19 or anionic polymerization. 20,21 More recently, P3HT-block-poly(lactic acid) copolymers have also been synthesized from telechelic P3HT derivatives by ring-opening polymerization.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%