Facile synthesis of spherical covalent organic frameworks for enrichment and quantification of aryl organophosphate esters in mouse serum and tissues

Abstract

Here, an imine‐linked‐based spherical covalent organic framework (COF) was prepared at room temperature. The as‐synthesized spherical COF served as an adsorbent in dispersive solid‐phase extraction (dSPE), by its virtue of great surface area (1542.68 m2/g), regular distribution of pore size (2.95 nm), and excellent stability. Therefore, a simple and high‐efficiency dispersive solid phase extraction method based on a spherical COF coupled with high‐performance liquid chromatography‐tandem mass spectrometry (HPLC‐MS/MS) was established to determine aryl organophosphate esters in biological samples. This approach displayed favorable linearity in the range of 10.0–1000.0 ng/L (r > 0.9989), a high signal enhancement factor (58.8–181.8 folds) with low limits of detection (0.3–3.3 ng/L). Moreover, it could effectively eliminate complex matrix interference to accurately extract seven aryl organophosphate esters from mouse serum and tissue samples with spiked recoveries of 82.0%–117.4%. The as‐synthesized spherical COF has been successfully applied in sample preparation. The dSPE‐HPLC‐MS/MS method based on a spherical COF has potential application to study the pollutants' metabolism in vivo.

Porous poly(bismaleimide‐co‐divinylbenzene) microspheres as dispersive solid‐phase extraction adsorbent coupled to high‐performance liquid chromatography for the determination of triazine herbicide residues in vegetable samples

“…The performance of the adsorbent is crucial for improving the extraction efficiency. Recently, many materials with excellent adsorption ability have been employed as adsorbents, such as covalent organic frameworks [13], three-dimensional flower-like SnS 2 [14], and graphene oxide composite [15] for the extraction of trace analytes from the complex matrix. Porous organic polymers (POPs), a kind of polymer with a backbone composed of one or more structural building blocks with different structures and properties, have been widely used in catalysis and pollutant removal due to their high specific surface area, rich pore structures, and diverse synthesis methods [16][17][18].…”

Exploration of porous imine‐based covalent organic framework for solid‐phase extraction of five trace sulfonamides in food samples

“…For example, Spherical COF synthesized by Wu et al. was used to efficiently eliminate complex matrix interference to enrich and quantify aryl organophosphate esters in mouse serum and tissues [15]. Beta‐ketoenamine‐linked TpPa‐1 synthesized by Zhang et al.…”