Facile synthesis of spherical cellulose nanoparticles

Recent Strategies in Preparation of Cellulose Nanocrystals and Cellulose Nanofibrils Derived from Raw Cellulose Materials

“…Moreover, Sucaldito and Camacho used HBr to hydrolyze fresh water green algae to achieve the highly crystalline CNCs (crystallinity index of 94.0%) [71]. The resultant CNCs have an average diameter of 20.0 (±4.4) nm, and the decomposition temperature reached 381.6 ∘ C. Spherical CNCs could be also prepared by using a mixed acid system assisted with ultrasonication from MCC [64,[72][73][74]. The mixed acid system is a mixture of sulfuric acid (98%, w/w), hydrochloride (37%, w/w), and H 2 O at a ratio of 3 : 1 : 6 (v/v) which was reported by Zhang et al [72].…”

“…The resultant CNCs have an average diameter of 20.0 (±4.4) nm, and the decomposition temperature reached 381.6 ∘ C. Spherical CNCs could be also prepared by using a mixed acid system assisted with ultrasonication from MCC [64,[72][73][74]. The mixed acid system is a mixture of sulfuric acid (98%, w/w), hydrochloride (37%, w/w), and H 2 O at a ratio of 3 : 1 : 6 (v/v) which was reported by Zhang et al [72]. The process was carried out at 80 ∘ C by ultrasonicator heating for 8 h. The diameters of produced cellulose nanoparticles are in the range of 60-570 nm.…”

Preparation of cotton linter nanowhiskers by high-pressure homogenization process and its application in thermoplastic starch

“…It is well known that native cellulose, when subjected to strong acid hydrolysis can be readily converted to microcrystalline cellulose (Chazeau et al 2000;Beck-Candanedo et al 2005;Bondeson et al 2006;Zhang et al 2007). However, preparation of cellulose-based nanowhiskers and its application as a reinforcing material in bio-polymers is a relatively new field within nanotechnology that has generated considerable interest in the last decade, especially within the biopolymer community.…”

Rigid polyurethane foam reinforced with cellulose whiskers: Synthesis and characterization

“…Upon acid hydrolysis, transverse cleavage happens primarily along the amorphous region of microfibrils, and under certain conditions release cellulose whiskers. These nanocellulose structures typically have a diameter on the order of 10a20 nm and a length of 100a300 nm when prepared from wood pulp or 1100a2000 nm long when derived from tunicates [2]. Cellulose whiskers exhibit a high bending strength of 10 GPa , and elastic modulus of 143 GPa [3,4], and changes in electrical, optical, and magnetic properties with respect to the typical micron sized cellulose fibers [5].…”