“…[16][17][18][29][30][31][32][33][34] These merits can be expected to benefit the long-term cycleability and the rate performance of batteries, which, however,has not been well investigated. On the other hand, although CCPs have been extensively studied, the exact chemical states or structures of most CCPs (for example,the valence of metal ions, [50] the single/double bond characters, [15,17] the presence or absence of counterions, [19,51] and radicals [15,17] )a re still unclear. Thes tructure and state variation during electrochemical redox process can be expected to provide an efficient method for revealing the chemical structures.I ti st herefore highly imperative to systematically investigate the chemical states of CCPs and their applications and inner mechanisms in batteries.…”