“…The main peaks in FT-IR spectrum of GO centered at 1046, 1221, 1412, 1631, 1728, and 3400 cm -1 can be attributed to alkoxy C-O, epoxy C-O and C-OH, carboxyl O=C-O, aromatic C=C, C=O (carboxylic acid and carbonyl moieties), and O-H stretches, respectively, confirming the successful oxidation of graphite (Mehrali et al 2013b). After solvothermal treatment, the content of these oxygen-containing groups in GO significantly decreased, while two new nitrogen-related peaks shown up at 1458 and 1550 cm -1 in the FT-IR spectrum of NDG, which can be preliminarily assigned to C-N stretching and N-H bending bonds of amide, respectively (Wu et al 2012). To help investigate the elemental composition and nitrogen bonding configurations in NDG, XPS measurements were performed.…”