“…Other A-site ions are alkali ions such as sodium [53,55], cesium [59], alkaline-earth ions such as strontium [50,54,58], iron ions [52], or zinc ions [57]. Associated B-site ions, involved in one of the pathways of oxidation of DA to DA hydroquinone (Figure 5), are palladium [50], titanium [52,54], niobium [53,59], iron [55], tin [57], and lead [59]. The lower detection limits (1-3 nM) are obtained with FeTiO 3 [53], β-NaFeO 2 [55], ZnSnO 3 [57], and CsPbBr 3 [59].…”