Facile synthesis of carbon supported metal nanoparticles via sputtering onto a liquid substrate and their electrochemical application

Sputtering onto a liquid: interesting physical preparation method for multi-metallic nanoparticles

“…However, the weak bonding of PEG to particle surfaces can be beneficial for the catalytic performance of sputtered NPs due to more complete removal of the polymer, resulting in clean active surfaces. Thus, Sung et al produced carbon-supported Pt/Ni alloy NPs via co-sputtering of Pt and Ni targets onto PEG for an hour at 100 W and 300 W, respectively [115]. The shorter Pt-Pt distance in Pt 3 Ni compared with that in pure Pt NPs, as deduced from XAFS and photoelectron spectroscopy (PES) results, suggested alloy formation.…”

“…Torimoto's group found that after immobilization of sputtered Au/Pd NPs on highly oriented pyrolytic graphite (HOPG) substrates, Au/Pd with an Au fraction of 0.61 is optimal for ethanol electrooxidation ( Figure 10(a-c)) [96]. Further, simultaneous sputtering and loading of binary alloy NP catalysts onto TiO 2 co-catalysts [103], graphene [108], CNTs [109,110] and amorphous carbon [115], which dispersed in liquid media, allowed for uniform hybridization of the active metal catalyst on the support and aided separation and purification to remove the liquid matrix. Among graphene coated Au/Pd alloy NPs formed via sputtering of AuPd alloy targets with different compositions [108], Wang et al found that Au/Pd NPs with an Au: Pd molar ratio of 1:3 exhibited superior catalytic activity and stability (500 cycle test) for ethanol electrooxidation compared with monometallic Pd/graphene or Au/Pd NPs with other compositions (Figure 10(d)).…”

Recent Progress in Nanoparticle Synthesis via Liquid Medium Sputtering and its Applications

“…Immobilization of NPs in PEG on carbon supports was reported by Cha and co-workers [39]. Platinum and PtNi alloy NPs, with sizes of approximately 2 nm, were uniformly deposited via direct sputtering onto a dispersed carbon support containing PEG as a medium.…”

“…Synthesis of electrochemically active carbon-supported NPs was also achieved via direct one-step sputtering onto a carbon-containing liquid substrate by Cha and co-workers [39]. Pt and PtNi alloy NPs on carbon supports were obtained via either direct Pt sputtering or Pt and Ni co-sputtering onto carbon supports dispersed in a PEG solution, followed by filtration of the as-prepared solutions.…”

“…First, metal NP synthesis using ionic liquids will be discussed, which includes the synthesis of single material NPs and the effect of sputtering conditions [19][20][21][22][23][24][25][26][27], various alloying strategies [15,23,24,28], and techniques for transferring synthesized NPs [29][30][31]. Subsequently, we discuss NP synthesis using low-volatile polymers, including the use of thiol compounds and transfer techniques [32][33][34][35][36][37][38][39]. Finally, potential applications of liquid medium sputtered NPs, such as their use as ORR electrocatalysts and Suzuki-Miyaura coupling reacScheme.…”