Facile Synthesis of Ag3PO4 Photocatalyst with Varied Ammonia Concentration and Its Photocatalytic Activities For Dye Removal

Abstract

The highly active photocatalyst of Ag3PO4 could be synthesized under ammonia solution using the facile co-precipitation method with the starting material of AgNO3 and Na2HPO4.12H2O. The variation of ammonia concentration was designed at 0.00, 0.05, 0.15, and 0.30 M. The products were characterized using X-ray diffraction, UV-diffuse reflectance spectroscopy, and scanning electron microscopy. The photocatalytic activities were evaluated using the Rhodamine B degradation under blue light irradiation. The effect of calcination, pH condition, and visible light source irradiation was carried out in the experiment. The highest photocatalytic activity was found in the sample prepared using the addition of ammonia solution at the concentration of 0.05 M. This photocatalytic activity was 4.13 times higher compared to the Ag3PO4 prepared without the ammonia. The effective condition of photocatalytic activity was achieved at the sample prepared without calcination, degradation at pH of 7 and under blue light irradiation. dye removal. Silver orthophosphate has the band gap energy of 2.36 eV, that can absorb solar energy shorter than ~530 nm [1-6], possess stronger photo-oxidative capability than the previous photocatalyst [7-9], generating O2 from water splitting with a quantum efficiency nearly 90% in visible light irradiation [10]. In order to improve its photocatalytic activity in the visible light region, many approaches have been performed especially in catalyst fabrication design

Tuning the particle size, physical properties, and photocatalytic activity of Ag3PO4 materials by changing the Ag+/ PO43− ratio

“…[9] The authors believed that the reason for this was due to the different concentrations in the reaction solution affecting the nucleation and crystal growth during the sample preparation. Again using AgNO 3 and Na 2 HPO 4 , with no change in mass and molar ratio in different samples but with varying concentrations of ammonia added, Febiyanto [17] found that a concentration of 0.05 M ammonia was suitable for the synthesis of Ag 3 PO 4 with the highest photocatalytic activity; this was increased 4.13 times compared to Ag 3 PO 4 prepared without ammonia. This result was explained by the fact that the appropriate presence of ammonia successfully reduced the particle size and increased the homogeneity of the catalyst, in favor of the photocatalytic activity.…”

“…This has remained a challenge for researchers so far. Therefore, besides finding solutions to increase specific surface area, researchers also focus on enhancing the structural stability of the materials by adjusting the ratio of Ag + and PO 3− 4 [9,16,17] to find the most stable structure. In addition, increasing the lifetime of the electron/hole pair to increase the photocatalytic efficiency has always been of interest to research through the creation of a heterojunction between APO and other semiconductors [15,[18][19][20][21] as well as doping of APO with suitable ions.…”

Tuning the Morphology of Ag3PO4 Photocatalysts with an Elevated Concentration of KH2PO4

“…Ag3PO4 photocatalysts may be synthesized by several methods. Coprecipitation [5,11], hydrothermal [8], sonochemical [12,13], and ultrasound-assisted synthesis [14] have been used to prepare this photocatalyst. Many researchers have designed the Ag3PO4-based composites to enhance the catalytic activity.…”

Synthesis of Cellulose Acetate-Polystyrene Membrane Composites from Pineapple Peel Wastes for Methylene Blue Removal

“…To decrease the environment pollutant in water containing dyes, there are some attempt such as electro-decolorization process (Amal, Febiyanto, Soleh, & Afif, 2016;Khosravi, Fazlzadehdavil, Barikbin, & Hossini, 2015), photocatalysis reaction (Febiyanto, Eliani, Riapanitra, & Sulaeman, 2016;Febiyanto et al, 2019), adsorption (Ikhsani, Santosa, & Rusdiarso, 2016;Subramani & Thinakaran, 2017), separation…”