Facile synthesis of 2,6-di-tert-butylphenol modified polystyrene and its antioxidative properties as the heterogeneous antioxidant

Fu, Yuli; Cao, Yiwen; Wang, You; Li, Meng; Zhong, Shihua; Xu, Mancai; Lei, Ting; Huang, Jianhan

doi:10.1007/s10965-022-03394-8

Cited by 8 publications

(1 citation statement)

References 62 publications

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“…Various methods including membrane separation, denitrification, biodegradation, electrochemical technique, and adsorption have been used for the removal of nitrophenols from industrial wastewater. − Due to its convenient operation, cost-effectiveness, and high efficiency, adsorption is the most chosen method − and many adsorbents with high porosity and physiochemical stability have been developed. For example, Sellaoui et al prepared Mg–Fe- and Zn–Al-layered double hydroxides and used them as sorbents for the adsorption of ONP from water and their respective equilibrium capacities at 328 K were up to 710 and 650 mg/g.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Multiple Phenolic Hydroxyl-Modified Hyper-Crosslinked Polymers and Their Efficient Adsorptive Removal of o-Nitrophenol from Water

Cao,

Zhong,

Dai

et al. 2023

Ind. Eng. Chem. Res.

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Herein, three multiple phenolic hydroxyl aromatic compounds, namely, p-dihydroxybenzene (PD), 1,3,5-trihydroxybenzene (TB), and gallic acid (GA), were applied as the chemical modifiers and incorporated into initial polymers via nucleophilic substitution, hence creating intermediates with different phenolic hydroxyls (−OH). Thereafter, Friedel−Crafts alkylation resulted in multiple phenolic −OH-modified hyper-cross-linked polymers (HCPs), namely, PS−PD-DCE, PS-TB-DCE, and PS-GA-DCE. The final polymers exhibited a high Brunauer−Emmett−Teller (BET) surface area (S BET : 504−573 m 2 /g), large pore volume (V total : 0.48−0.54 cm 3 /g), and plentiful phenolic −OH (acidic exchange capacity: 1.2−2.6 mmol/g). The adsorption experiments revealed that PS-GA-DCE with the highest phenolic −OH was the most efficient adsorbent for the adsorption of o-nitrophenol from aqueous solutions, and the predicted maximum capacity (q max ) at 298 K was 1052 mg/g according to the Langmuir model, surpassing the data of most synthetic adsorbents in previous studies. The micropore diffusion model and the intraparticle diffusion model effectively elucidated the kinetic data. 5% of sodium hydroxide desorbed o-nitrophenol from the polymers completely, and the equilibrium capacity dropped to 85.5% after five repeated adsorption−desorption cycles. The adsorption mechanism revealed that hydrogen bonding was primarily responsible for the adsorption, with micropore filling serving as an additional contributing factor. These results provide valuable insights into the synthesis and application of chemically modified polymers for the enhanced adsorption performance.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Multiple Phenolic Hydroxyl-Modified Hyper-Crosslinked Polymers and Their Efficient Adsorptive Removal of o-Nitrophenol from Water

Cao,

Zhong,

Dai

et al. 2023

Ind. Eng. Chem. Res.

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Synthesis of sulfhydryl‐functionalized polymers for the efficient adsorption of Pd²⁺ and Ag⁺ from aqueous solution

Fu,

Duan,

Chen

et al. 2023

Journal of Polymer Science

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Herein, two sulfhydryl‐functionalized polymers, namely, EDT‐HCPS and TMPMP‐HCPS, were synthesized according to the Friedel‐Craft s alkylation and nucleophilic substitution, and they were used to adsorb Pd2+ and Ag+ from aqueous solution. The Friedel‐Crafts alkylation offered the polymers with hyper‐cross‐linking frameworks composed of plentiful rigid methylene. The nucleophilic substitution brought abundant functional SH groups (the sulfur contents were 12.6 and 9.4 wt%, respectively) to the polymers. The adsorption results showed that the capacities of Pd2+ and Ag+ on EDT‐HCPS were larger than TMPMP‐HCPS, and the higher quantities of functional SH groups and the porosity played a beneficial role. The equilibrium data can be characterized by the Langmuir model, and the maximum capacities of Pd2+ and Ag+ on EDT‐HCPS at 308 K were predicted to be 383.92 and 212.93 mg g−1, respectively. The produced polymers represented superior adsorption selectivity, reproducibility, and reusability, demonstrating their excellent performance for the adsorption of Pd2+ and Ag+, and analysis of the adsorption mechanism demonstrated that the SH groups played a major role due to the strong chemical complexation of the functional SH with Pd2+/Ag+.

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Fabrication of O-enriched macroporous polymer for the efficient adsorption organic acid from aqueous solution

Fu,

Gong,

et al. 2023

J Polym Res

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Herein, an oxygen-rich polymer, namely, β-CD-PS was gained according to one-step nucleophilic substitution, and it was used to adsorb organic acids from aqueous solution. The nucleophilic substitution brought abundant functional -OH groups (the oxygen contents were 9.04 wt%,) to the polymer, and increased the hydrogen bonding between the polymer and the adsorbate. The adsorption results showed that the capacities of organic acids on β-CD-PS were much greater than chloromethylated polystyrene (CMPS). The maximum adsorption capacities of salicylic acid (SA), pyrogallic acid (PA), βnaphthol (NAP), 1,1'-bi-2-naphthol (BNAP) and gallic acid (GA) were 407.47 mg/g, 312.42 mg/g, 246.39 mg/g, 320.75 mg/g and 254.40mg/g, respectively. Langmuir model was more t for the adsorption of BNAP, PA, and GA, and Freundlich model was more suited to the adsorption of PHE, NAP, and SA. Thermodynamic analysis showed that the adsorption is a spontaneous process, furthermore, the exothermic occurred between the adsorption site and SA, NAP, and phenol (PHE) and the endothermic occurred between the adsorption site and BNAP, PA and GA. The adsorption kinetics results indicated that the time for the equilibrium of SA, PA, GA, and NAP was about 100 min, while BNAP required more time.Moreover, the adsorption of SA on β-CD-PS could achieve most adsorption at high concentrations and complete removal at low concentrations. The organic acids adsorbed on the polymer could be eluted by anhydrous alcohol and 0.01 mol/L NaOH. The β-CD-PS exhibited superior adsorption e ciency, reproducibility, and reusability, demonstrating their excellent performance for the adsorption of organic acids, and analysis of the adsorption mechanism revealed that the -OH groups played a signi cant role due to the strong hydrogen bonding interaction.

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Facile synthesis of 2,6-di-tert-butylphenol modified polystyrene and its antioxidative properties as the heterogeneous antioxidant

Cited by 8 publications

References 62 publications

Multiple Phenolic Hydroxyl-Modified Hyper-Crosslinked Polymers and Their Efficient Adsorptive Removal of o-Nitrophenol from Water

Multiple Phenolic Hydroxyl-Modified Hyper-Crosslinked Polymers and Their Efficient Adsorptive Removal of o-Nitrophenol from Water

Synthesis of sulfhydryl‐functionalized polymers for the efficient adsorption of Pd²⁺ and Ag⁺ from aqueous solution

Fabrication of O-enriched macroporous polymer for the efficient adsorption organic acid from aqueous solution

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Facile synthesis of 2,6-di-tert-butylphenol modified polystyrene and its antioxidative properties as the heterogeneous antioxidant

Cited by 8 publications

References 62 publications

Multiple Phenolic Hydroxyl-Modified Hyper-Crosslinked Polymers and Their Efficient Adsorptive Removal of o-Nitrophenol from Water

Multiple Phenolic Hydroxyl-Modified Hyper-Crosslinked Polymers and Their Efficient Adsorptive Removal of o-Nitrophenol from Water

Synthesis of sulfhydryl‐functionalized polymers for the efficient adsorption of Pd2+ and Ag+ from aqueous solution

Fabrication of O-enriched macroporous polymer for the efficient adsorption organic acid from aqueous solution

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Product

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Synthesis of sulfhydryl‐functionalized polymers for the efficient adsorption of Pd²⁺ and Ag⁺ from aqueous solution