Facile Synthesis and DFT Analysis of Novel Thiazole-Based Hydrazones: An Experimental and Theoretical Perspective

Abstract

Hydrazone compounds with remarkable nonlinear optical (NLO) properties were found with vast applications due to their cost-effective synthesis and greater stability. Therefore, we synthesized hydrazone scaffolds (TCAH1–TCAH8) by condensation reaction, and their structural confirmation was accomplished with spectroscopic methods (1H-, 13C-NMR, and HRMS). Quantum chemical calculations were also performed at B3PW91/6-311G­(d,p) functional of DFT to explore electronic, structural, and chemical properties. To understand the NLO responses of afore-said chromophores, various kinds of analyses such as natural bonding orbitals (NBOs), frontier molecular orbitals (FMOs), UV–vis analysis, and density of states (DOS) were performed. Findings showed that the HOMO–LUMO energy gap in TCAH8 (3.595 eV) was found to be lower than the TCAH1–TCAH7 (4.123–3.932 eV) with a large red shift which leads to a substantial NLO response. Furthermore, strong intramolecular interactions showed the highest stabilization energy (24.1 kcal mol–1) for TCAH8 in the NBO transitions, combined with the least binding energy. The significant NLO response of TCAH4 was explored with ⟨α⟩, βtot, and ⟨γ⟩ values as 5.157 × 10–23, and 2.185 × 10–29, and 2.753 × 10–34 esu, respectively, among the entitled compounds. The recent findings may inspire scientists to develop extremely effective NLO materials for forthcoming hi-tech applications.

Synthesis, Structural Elucidation, In Silico and In Vitro Studies of New Class of Methylenedioxyphenyl-Based Amide Derivatives as Potential Myeloperoxidase Inhibitors for Cardiovascular Protection

“…A smaller global electrophilicity index implies a strong nucleophilic molecule, while a higher value denotes a strong electrophilic molecule. Molecules are classified as potent electrophiles if values are greater than 1.5 eV, moderate electrophiles if values range in between 0.8 and 1.5 eV, and minor electrophiles if the values are less than 0.8 eV. , The electrophilicity index value for MDC and ADC is larger than 1.5 eV, indicating that the molecules have a potent electrophilic nature that facilitates the formation of bonds with biomolecules. Molecules having greater HOMO–LUMO energy gap show lesser tendency for interaction and bond formation, while molecules with less HOMO–LUMO energy gap are more interactive and are more willing to participate in chemical events involving bond breaking or bond formation.…”

Computational screening of T-muurolol for an alternative antibacterial solution againstStaphylococcus aureusinfections: A state-of-the-art phytochemical-based drug discovery approach

“…T-muurolol, with higher HOMO–LUMO values, signifies less anticipation in bond formations like covalent, hydrogen, and ionic bonds, correlating with molecular interaction studies showing fewer bond formations during protein-ligand interactions. A lower global electrophilicity index suggests a strong nucleophilic molecule, while a higher value indicates a strong electrophilic characteristic [38]. T-muurolol exhibits a moderate electrophilic nature with a value of 1.24 eV, indicating moderate facilitation of bond formation with biomolecules.…”