Facile Surface Functionalization of Cyclic Olefin Copolymer Film with Anhydride Groups for Protein Microarray Fabrication

Abstract

Immobilization of protein at high efficiency is a challenge for fabricating polymer-based protein chips. Here, a simple but effective approach was developed to fabricate a cyclic olefin copolymer (COC)-based protein microarray with a high immobilization density. In this strategy, poly­(maleic anhydride-co-vinyl acetate) (poly­(MAH-co-VAc)) brushes were facilely attached on the COC surface via UV-induced graft copolymerization. The introduction of poly­(MAH-co-VAc) brushes resulted in an obvious increase in the surface roughness of COC. The functionalized COC showed little reduction in transparency compared with pristine COC, indicating that the photografting treatment did not alter its optical property. The graft density of the anhydride groups on the modified COC could be tuned from 0.46 to 3.2 μmol/cm2. The immobilization efficiency of immunoglobulin G (IgG) on functionalized COC reached 88% due to the high reactivity between anhydride groups and amine groups of IgGs. An immunoassay experiment demonstrated that the microarray showed high sensitivity to the target analyte.

One-step fabrication of three-dimensional macropore copolymer-modified polycarbonate array by photo-crosslinking for protein immunoassay

“…5B). The detection range of macropore structure is wider than that of 2D surfaces, 51,59 which is consistent with the broader dynamic range of 3D surfaces. 60,61…”

“…Those indicate that the surface modified by macropore structure still maintains a high immobilization efficiency at high protein concentration (2 mg mL −1 ). According to the reported results, the immobilization efficiency of the surface modified by polymer brush is 63–88% at the protein concentration of 1–13 μg mL −1 , 51 while that of the hydrogel-modified surface is 60% at the protein concentration of about 1 mg mL −1 . 37 The immobilization efficiency of the aldehyde-derivatized agarose surface is 34–57% at protein concentrations from 50 to 360 μg mL −1 .…”

Macroporous Polymer Monoliths in Thin Layer Format

“…In this case, the biomolecule of interest reacts with a probe monolayer on the surface. For example, functionalized glass slides or non-porous synthetic polymer supports are widely used as 2-D supports for microarray [99,100]. The second group is based on three-dimensional matrices and includes polyacrylamide or polysaccharide gels, nitrocellulose membranes, etc.…”

Click‐and‐Bond: Room‐Temperature and Solvent‐Free Bonding of Polymer‐Based Microfluidic Devices

“…For example, deposition of a thin film of SiO 2 was used by Saaem et al to functionalize COC surfaces with high-quality DNA arrays. [14] Alternatively, maleic anhydride copolymer brushes have been photochemically grafted successfully onto COC to achieve the efficient immobilization of immunoglobulin G. [15] DNA has been bound onto polymer substrates using poly(ethylene imine) (PEI) and poly(acrylic acid) (PAA) to obtaining stable and versatile biosensor surfaces. [16] These and other achievements obtained in the chemical modification of COC with biomolecules has opened the possibility to develop such substrates for biosensing devices.…”